Page 140 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV Q Q
= (–) ) = (–) Δ
PP
( 1 P ×
× 100 100
P P
Δ Q Δ P Δ Q P
E = (–) ÷ = (–) ×
d Δ
Q P Q P
P Δ Q
E = (–) ×
d Q Δ P

(;gk¡ Q = oLrq dh ek¡xh xbZ izkjafHkd ek=kk_ Q = ifjofrZr ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk_ P = oLrq dh izkjafHkd dher_
1
P = ifjofrZr dher_ ΔQ = Q – Q (ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk esa ifjorZu)] ΔP = P – P = dher esa ifjorZu_
1 1 1
Δ = MsYVk (;g fpÉ ifjorZu dks izdV djrk gSA)
X- oLrq dh ek=kk esa izfr'kr ifjorZu dks X– oLrq esa 100 xq.kk ifjorZu osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk
gS vFkkZr~ 100 ΔX dks X }kjk Hkkx dj fn;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn ek=kk 10 ls c<+ dj 15 gks
Δ X 5
tkrh gS rc ge dgsaxs fd ΔX = 15 –10 = 5 rFkk X esa izfr'kr o`f¼ = × 100 = × 100
X 10
500 Δ P
= = 50%, blh Hkk¡fr dher esa izfr'kr ifjorZu dks × 100 osQ :i esa izdV fd;k tkrk gSA
10 P

mnkgj.k (Illustration) 1.

,d oLrq dh dher esa 10% deh osQ dkj.k ek¡x dh
è;ku jf[k,
ek=kk esa gksus okys izfr'kr ifjorZu dk vuqeku yxkb,A
izfr'kr fofèk dk iz;ksx ml fLFkfr esa fd;k
;g eku yhft, oLrq dh ek¡x dh dher yksp (–) 2-5 gSA
tkrk gS ftlesas dher esa gksus okys ifjorZu
rFkk mlosQ iQyLo:i ek¡x esa gksus okyk
gy (Solution) :
ifjorZu cgqr gh de gksrk gSA
eku yhft, ek¡x esa izfr'kr ifjorZu X gksrk gSA
ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk esa izfr'kr ifjorZu
ek¡x dh yksp = (–) —————————————
dher esa izfr'kr ifjorZu
X
2-5 = (–)
10%
X = 2.5 × 10% = 25%
mÙkjμek¡xh xbZ ek=kk esa izfr'kr ifjorZu 25% gksxkA

3- fcanq yksp fofèk (Point Elasticity Method)

ek¡x oØ osQ fdlh fcanq ij ek¡x dh yksp ¯cnq yksp dgykrh gSA
ysÝVfop osQ vuqlkj] ^^ek¡x oØ osQ fdlh fcanq ij dher osQ lw{e ifjorZu osQ iQyLo:i tks yksp
ekih tkrh gS mls fcanq yksp dgrs gSaA** (Elasticity computed at a single point on the curve
for infinitely small change in price is point elasticity.–Leftwitch)A

ljy ek¡x oØ ij dher yksp] oØ osQ <yku rFkk ml fcanq] ftl ij eki fd;k tkrk gS] ij fuHkZj djrh
gSA vr% ,d ek¡x oØ osQ fofHkUu fcanqvksa ij dher yksp fHkUu gksxhA blfy, ek¡x oØ osQ izR;sd fcanq ij
ek¡x dh yksp vyx ls ekih tkrh gSA

134 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY