Page 489 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 30 % lwpuk dk vFkZ'kkL=k

fp=k 30-1 yseu rFkk izfrowQy pquko leL;kvksa dh O;k[;k djrk gSA fp=k dk isuy (A) vPNh dkjsa iznf'kZr uksV
djrk gS tgk¡ S mudk iwfrZ oØ gS rFkk D ek¡x oØ gSA blh izdkj] isuy (B) esa] S cqjh dkjksa dk
G G B
iwfrZ oØ gS rFkk D mudk ek¡x oØ gSA
B
eku yks fd iqjkuh dkjksa osQ cktkj esa iw.kZ lwpuk gS tc fooszQrk rFkk oszQrk nksuksa dkjksa dh xq.koÙkk (quality)
tkurs gSa ftUgsa os cspuk ;k [kjhnuk pkgrs gSaaA isuy (A) eas vPNh dkjksa dh la[;k OQ dks OP dher
G G
ij cspk tkrk gS rFkk isuy (B) esa cqjh dkjksa dh OQ la[;k dks OP dher ij cspk tkrk gSA vlefer
B
B
lwpuk ls izfrowQy pquko gksus ij xzkgdksa osQ ikl dkjksa dh xq.koÙkk (quality) dh dksbZ lwpuk ugha gS blfy,
vPNh dkjksa osQ fooszQrk] OP dher izLrkfor djrs gSa ftl ij vPNh dkjksa dh ek¡x OP′ rd fxj tkrh
G G
gS] tSlk fd uhps osQ ek¡x oØ D′ rFkk iwfrZ oØ S osQ dVku fcanq E ls Kkr gksrk gSA isuy (B) fn[kkrk
G G 1
gS fd izfrowQy pquko ls OP′ dher ij cqjh dkjksa dh ek¡x esa OQ′ rd o`f¼ gksrh gSA ;g dher oszQrk
B B
rFkk fooszQrk nksuksa nsus osQ fy, rS;kj gSaA varr% iqjkuh dkjksa ossQ cktkj esa bl dher ij osQoy cqjh dkjsa gh
fcdrh gSaA

fp=k 30-1

Good Cars Bad Cars
E S
P G
G
E
E 1 P' 1 S B
P' D B E
G G P
B
D'
B
D'
G
D
B
O O
Q' Q Q B Q' B
G G
(A) vPNh dkjksa dh ek=kk (B) cqjh dkjksa dh ek=kk
,d=khdj.k rFkk xkjaVh (Pooling and Guarantees)
mi;qZDr fo'ys"k.k dks ,d=khdj.k laarqyu (Pooling Equilibrium) dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd vPNh dkjsa rFkk
cqjh dkjsa iqjkuh dkjksa osQ cktkj esa bdV~Bh gksrh gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i] vPNh dkjksa osQ ekfyd] ?kkVs esa jgrs gSa
D;ksafd os viuh dkjsa ugha csp ldrsA bl leL;k dks gy djus osQ fy,] fooszQrk xzkgd dks dkj osQ [kjkc
gks tkus dh fLFkfr esa Hkqxrku osQ :i esa xzkgd dks xkjaVh nsrs gSaA osQoy [kjkc dkjksa osQ ekfyd gh xkjaVh
nsrs gSaA eku yks fd vkSlru] ,d cqjh dkj dh ejEer dh ykxr 5,000 #- gSA blfy, xzkgd 60,000 #-
μ55,000 #- izR;sd dkj dks [kjhnrs le; nsus dks rS;kj gksxkA ysfdu ;fn vkSlr ejEer ykxr 10,000 #-
gS rks xzkgd osQoy 60,000 #- μ10,000 #- = 50,000 #- nsuk pkgsxkA foaQrq bl dher ij dksbZ Hkh cqjh
dkj ugha csph tkrhA tgk¡ rd vPNh dkjksa dk lacaèk gS] xzkgd tkurs gSa fd muosQ fooszQrk mQ¡ph dhersa ysaxs
rFkk xkjaVh dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gksrhA fiQj Hkh ,d vPNh dkj osQ fooszQrk] oszQrk dks okjaVh
(warranty) ns ldrs gSaA ,d okjaVh fooszQrk }kjk x;k fyf[kr vk'oklu gksrk gS fd dkj esa ,d fuf'pr
le; esas dksbZ [kjkch vkus ij og bldh ejEer vius [kpZ ij djok,xkA blhfy,] oszQrk vPNh dkjksa osQ
fy,] mQ¡ph dher nsus osQ fy, rS;kj jgrs gSaA ;g ,d i`FkDdkjh larqyu (separating equilibrium)
dk ekeyk gS tks cqjh vkSj vPNh dkjksa osQ cktkj dks vyx djrk gSA

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