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smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq




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                                                                     icqr 14.2

                                 ies qrW joiKm invwrk Apxy kul DMn OW ƒ ku`J-ku`J bWfW iv`c Aqy ku`J-ku`J nkdI dy rup iv`c rKky Apxy kul




















                                                                     icqr 14.3

                                 DMn ƒ ivivD (diversity) krdw hY[ iehI kwrx hY ik ausƒ ivivDk ikhw jwdW hY[ auh qd q`k v`D joiKm
                                 aTwx ƒ iqAwr nhI huMdw jd q`k ausƒ pRqXwiSq pRiqPl dI AwSw n hovy[ pr, joiKm invwrk mn-hI-mn
                                 qrlqw ƒ AiDmwn idNdW hY ijsƒ kyvl v`D aucI  ibAwj drW qy hI dur kIqw jw skdw hY[ ibAwj dI dr
                                 ijnI aucI hovygI, mudrw dI mMg aunI hI G`t hovygI, pirxwmq bWf rKx dI py@rxw[ aunI hI v`D hovygI[ iehdy
                                 ault, ibAwj dI dr ijnI G`t hovygI, mudrw dI mMg aunI hI v`D hovygI, Aqy pirxwmq bWf rKx dI ieCw aunI
                                 hI G`t hovygI[ iesƒ icqr 14.3 iv`c ivKwieAw igAw hUY[
                                 jd ibAwj dI dr v`DdI hY qW bjt ryKw dI Flwn v`DI hY[ iesƒ bjt ryKw r  rwhI ivKwieAw igAw hY jyVI
                                                                                          1
                                 GumdI hoeI auqy dI Aor r  Aqy r  q`k puMjdI hY[ pirxwmq ibAwj dI dr iv`c viriD dy nwl joiKm dy Anupwq
                                                   2
                                                        3
                                 dy pRiqPl v`Ddy jWdy hY Aqy bjt ryKw v`D aucy adwsInqw vkrW ƒ sprS krdI hY[ icqr 14.3 iv`r r , r  Aqy
                                                                                                             2
                                                                                                          1
                                 r  ryKwvW l , l , l  vkrW qy kRmS T , T , T  ibNduAW qy sprS krdI hY[ ieh ibNdu icqr dy iestqm invyS sucI
                                                               3
                                           2
                                         1
                                                             2
                                                          1
                                  3
                                             3
                                 vkr OPC ƒ AnuryiKq krdI hY, jyVI dsdI hY ik ijvy-ijvy sprS ibNd K`by pwsy qo s`jy pwsy dI Aor v`DdI
                                 hY, auvy-auvy pRqXiSq pRiqPl v`D joiKm v`Ddy jWdy hY[
                                 ies sprS ibNdu joiKm invwrk dy invyS sucI cln ƒ vI inrDwirq krdy hY, ijvyjw icqr 14.3 dy QlVy ihsy
                                 iv`c ivKwieAw igAw hY[ jd ibAwj dr r  hY qW auh OB  bWf Aqy B W mudrw rKdy hY[ ijvy-ijvy ibAwj
                                                                1
                                                                            1
                                                                                     1
                                 dI dr r  qo v`Dky r  Aqy r  hodI jWdI hY auvy-auvy joiKm invwrx ApxI  invyS sucI iv`c kRmS v`D bWf OB
                                                                                                                2
                                               2
                                       1
                                                     3
                                 Aqy OB  mudrw rKdy cldy hn Aqy mudrw ƒ G`twky B W Aqy B W kr iddy hn[ icqr ieh vI pyS krdw
                                                                                 3
                                        3
                                                                         2
                                 hY ik jd ibAwj dI dr iv`c smwn mwqrwvW iv`c r  qo r  qo r  q`k viriD huMdI hY qW joiKm invwrk G`tdI
                                                                       1   2    3
                                 mwqrwvW iv`c bWf rKdy hn[ B B <B B <OB [ iehdw ieh Bwv vI hY jd ibAwj dI dr v`DdI hY qW mudrw
                                                        2  3  2  1  1
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