Page 365 - DECO403_MATHEMATICS_FOR_ECONOMISTS_HINDI

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E\L-LOVELY-H\math24-1 IInd 21-10-11 IIIrd 24-1-12 IVth 21-4-12 Vth 20-8-12 VIth 10-9-12

bdkbZ vkxr&fuxZr fo'ys"k.k

24-5 lkjka'k # uksV

• vkxr
! dk rkRi;Z mRiknd dk mRiknu djus osQ fy, lkexzh ) dh ek¡x djus ls
gS tcfd fuxZr ! 'kCn dk vfHkizk; mRikndrk iz;kl osQ ifj.kke osQ iQy ls gSA

• vkxr&fuxZr fo'ys"k.k dh lgk;rk ls vUr% m|ksx laca/ rFkk lEiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk dks vUr% fuHkZjrk
izkIr gksrh gS D;ksafd ,d m|ksx dk fuxZr nwljs m|ksx osQ fy, vkxr gks ldrk gSA
• fy;ksfUViQ dk LFkSfrd vkxr&fuxZr fun'kZ mijksDr ekU;rkvksa ij vk/kfjr gSA fy;ksfUViQ dk LFkSfrd
fun'kZ dks ,d mnkgj.k }kjk le>k;k tk ldrk gSA

• vkxr&fuxZr lkj.kh dh lgk;rk ls bl fun'kZ dks le>k;k tk ldrk gSA bl lkj.kh esa rhuksa {ks=kksa dk
fuxZr ! ] iafDr;ksa
({kSfrt :i esa) }kjk n'kkZ;k x;k gS tcfd bu {kss=kksa dk vkxr

! ] LrEHkksa
(yEcor~ :i esa) }kjk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

• rduhdh xq.kkad fudkyus dk rjhdk cgqr ljy gSA ;gk¡ ge okafNr {ks=k osQ vkxr esa ml {ks=k osQ oqQy
mRiknu dk Hkkx ns nsrs gSaA
• fy;ksfUViQ fun'kZ dh ekU;rk,¡ vO;kogkfjd gSaA blesa ;g ekuk x;k gS fd rduhdh xq.kkad *
@
2
fLFkj jgrk gSA bldk vfHkizk; gS fd rduhdh fLFkjrk vFkok mRiknu esa
ifjorZu ls yxk;s x;s lk/uksa dh ek=kkvksa esa Hkh ifjorZu gksxkA
• O;ogkj esa oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dks osQoy ekSfnzd :i esa gh O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA vr,o HkkSfrd
bdkb;ksa osQ :i esa vkxr&fuxZr fo'ys"k.k osQ larqyu lehdj.kksa }kjk vFkZO;oLFkk dk leqfpr :i esa
iwokZuqeku dfBu gksrk gSA
• fy;ksfUViQ vkxr&fuxZr [kqys fun'kZ esa geus vfUre ek¡x {ks=k (?kjsyw {ks=k) dks i`Fko~Q :i ls ekuk FkkA
;fn bl {ks=k dks Hkh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk esa foy; dj fy;k tk, rks dksbZ Hkh {ks=k ,slk ugha jgsxk ftldk
laca/ cká {ks=k ls gksA

• LFkSfrd fun'kZ esa vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ rduhdh xq.kkadksa dh lgk;rk ls ikjLifjd fuHkZjrk
dk vè;;u djrs gSaA

• vkxr&fuxZr xR;kRed fun'kZ LFkSfrd fun'kZ dk lkekU;Ñr :i gSA vr% bldh ekU;rk,¡ LFkSfrd fun'kZ
osQ vuq:i gksaxhA
• vkfFkZd {ks=k esa vkxr&fuxZr fo'ys"k.k dh izfof/ ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrh gSA vkfFkZd fl¼kar
ij fopkj] jk"Vªh;&ys[kksa dh jpuk] vkfFkZd ;kstukvksa dh jpuk] m|ksxksa dk ikjLifjd laca/ksa rFkk
fuHkZjrk dk vè;;u djuk] O;kikj pØksa dk vè;;u bR;kfn egÙoiw.kZ {ks=k gSa] ftudk fo'ys"k.k bl
izfof/ ls gh laHko gqvk gSA
• vkxr&fuxZr fo'ys"k.k vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ eè; laca/ dk Kku djkrh gSA vr% vFkZO;oLFkk
dh vkUrfjd lajpuk dks le>us osQ fy, fu;kstdksa osQ fy, ;g fo'ys"k.k lqfo/ktud gSA

24-6 'kCndks'k $ #

• vkxr
! % izkIrA

• fuxZr ! % fudyukA