Page 389 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—29% jkT;ksa dk foÙk

gSA vr% fcØh&dj dh ,slh i¼fr mRiknu ij gkfudkjd izHkko Mky ldrh gSA fdUrq ;fn lkekU; miHkksx dh uksV
oLrq dks dj ls eqDr dj fn;k tk, vkSj fcØh djksa dk Hkkjh cks> ,slh oLrqvksa ij iM+s ftudk miHkksx lkekU;r%
lekt dk /uh oxZ djrk gS] tSls fd foykflrk dh oLrq,¡ rks yksxksa dh dk;Z{kerk ij vkSj vUrr% mRiknu ij
fcØh djksa dk izfrowQy izHkko iM+us dh lEHkkouk ugha gSA ;gh ugha] blls rks vkSj cprksa dks gh izksRlkgu fey
ldrk gSA vr% ;g vko';d gS fd lkekU; miHkksx dh oLrqvksa dks ;k rks dj&eqDr j[kk tk, vFkok mu ij
uhph njksa ls dj yxk;s tk,¡ vkSj foykflrk dh oLrqvksa ij Hkkjh njksa ls dj yxk;s tk,¡A
([k) cpr djus dh ;ksX;rk ij izHkko (Effect on Ability to Save)—tgk¡ rd cpr djus dh
;ksX;rk dk iz'u gS] ;g rks lHkh djksa ls de gksrh gS_ gk¡] mu yksxksa dh ckr nwljh gS ftuosQ ikl bruh iQkyrw
vk; gh u gks fd os mlesa ls cpr dj losaQA bl izdkj ,sls dj tks fd cpr djus dh ;ksX;rk dks de ugha
djrs] os gksrs gSa tks fd iw.kZr;k ,sls fuèkZu yksxksa ij iM+rs gSa ftuosQ ikl cpr djus dh xqatkb'k gh ugha gksrhA
vr% fcØh dj iw.kZr;k lekt osQ mu oxks± ij iM+rk gS ftu ij fd cpr dh xqatkb'k gh ugha gksrh] rks mudh
cpr djus dh ;ksX;rk ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk] fdUrq ;fn fLFkfr blosQ foijhr gS rks ,slk izHkko iM+sxkA ij
;gk¡ ;g ckr mYys[kuh; gS fd oLrq&dj gksus osQ dkj.k pw¡fd fcØh&dj lkekUr% oLrq dh dher esa gh
lfEefyr jgrk gS] vr% ;g miHkksx rFkk cpr] nksuksa dks gh grksRlkfgr djrk gSA ijUrq dj dh njsa ;fn de
Hkh dj nh tk,¡ rks Hkh cprsa c<+kus dks dksbZ izksRlkgu ugha feyrk] ;fn og dj foykflrk dh oLrqvksa ij yxk;k
x;k gksA rFkkfi ,d rdZlaxr fcØh&dj cpr djus dh ;ksX;rk ij vkSj vUrr% mRiknu ij dksbZ xEHkhj izHkko
ugha MkyrkA
(x) dke djus o cpr djus dh bPNk ij izHkko (Effect on Desire to Work and Save)—
tgk¡ rd yksxksa dh dke djus o cpr djus dh bPNk dk iz'u gS] oLrq djksa osQ izkjfEHkd izHkkoksa dk foospu
igys gh fd;k tk pqdk gSA fdUrq ftu yksxksa dks dkiQh la[;k esa vius vkfJrksa (dependents) dk
ikyu&iks"k.k djuk gksrk gS vFkok ftUgksaus viuh Hkkoh vko';drkvksa dh iw£r osQ fy, ,d fuf'pr ek=kk cpr
djus dk n`<+ fu'p; dj j[kk gks] og c<+s gq, djksa osQ nckoksa osQ dkj.k bl ckr osQ fy, foo'k gks tkrs gSa
fd vfèkd dke djsa rFkk vfèkd cpr djsa rkfd djksa osQ izHkkoksa dh {kfriw£r gks losQA ,slh fLFkfr esa fcØh&dj
osQ yxus ls dke djus o cpr djus dh bPNk de ugha gksxhA ,sls yksx rks vius vkfJrksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k djus
osQ fy, rFkk Hkfo"; esa ,d fuf'pr jde izkIr djus osQ fy, dke Hkh vfèkd djsaxs vkSj cpr HkhA
forj.k ij fcØh&dj osQ izHkko (Effect on Distribution)

fcØh&dj tc ,slh oLrqvksa ij yxk;k tkrk gS tks fd lekt osQ fuèkZu oxZ osQ yksxksa }kjk [kjhnh tkrh gSa rks
mldh izÑfr vojksgh (regressive) gks tkrh gSA bl fLFkfr esa] og vk; rFkk èku osQ forj.k dh vlekurkvksa
esa vkSj o`f¼ djrk gSA fdUrq bl deh dks nwj djus dh n`f"V ls ;fn ;g pquhank vkèkkj ij vkSj osQoy foykflrk
dh oLrqvksa ij gh yxk;k tkrk gS rks ml fLFkfr esa ;g jktLo dk mRiknd Ïksr ugha jgrk gSA fcØh&dj dh
;g ,d ekSfyd deh gS fd ;g miHkksDrk dh djns; {kerk ls lEcfUèkr ugha gksrkA èkuh rFkk fuèkZu lHkh bls
,d&lh nj osQ leku :i ls vnk djrs gSaA ;gh ugha] og ?kjsyw ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ fy, Hkh dksbZ NwV iznku ugha
djrk vkSj bl izdkj ;g nks leku vk; okys djnkrkvksa osQ chp esa Hkh mu yksxksa ij vfèkd cks> Mkyrk gS
ftuosQ vkfJrksa dh la[;k vfèkd gksrh gSA ;g Hkh lEHko ugha gS fd vleku vk; okys fofHkUu djnkrkvksa osQ
chp bls vkjksgh ;k Øeo/hZ cuk fn;k tk,A bl izdkj ,d lkekU; fcØh&dj dh izÑfr vojksgh gksrh gSA

;gk¡ ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd mRiknu o`f¼ rFkk èku dk Js"Brj forj.k&vk£Fkd dY;k.k osQ vfHkUu lkFkh gSaA vr%
iz;kl bl ckr osQ fy, fd;s tkus pkfg, fd fcØh&dj dks bl izdkj ykxw fd;k tk, fd mlls ns'k dh mRiknu
{kerk esa dksbZ deh u vk;sA lkFk gh] dj osQ <k¡ps esa fofHkUu NwVsa bl izdkj iznku dh tkuh pkfg, fd bl dj
dks vojksghiu osQ nks"k ls eqfDr fey losQA vr% fu"d"kZ osQ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd jktLo osQ Ïksr osQ
:i esa fcØh&dj us viuh bl {kerk dk vPNk izn'kZu fd;k gS fd og fodkl ;kstukvksa dh foÙkh; O;oLFkk

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
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LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY