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yksd foÙk




                  uksV            •   dbZ yksxksa dk er ;g gS fd bl xksiuh;rk dh izFkk ls dksbZ fo'ks"k ykHk ugha gksrk] myVs osQoy gkfu
                                      gksrh gSA O;kikjh rFkk vU; yksx ctV osQ izLrkoksa osQ vuqeku yxkrs jgrs gSaA bl dkj.k os cgq/k dhersa
                                      c<+kus rFkk vU; izdkj ls ykHkkfUor gksus esa liQy gks tkrs gSaA
                                  •   fdlh ctV dks rHkh vPNk dgk tk ldrk gS tc og lekt vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fofHkUu p;fur y{;ksa
                                      dh izkfIr esa ;FkklaHko lgk;d gksA ijarq ;gk¡ ij eq[; leL;k ;g gS fd bu y{;ksa osQ ckjs esa erHksn
                                      jgrk gSA
                                  •   ctV laca/h vFkZiw.kZ tkudkjh osQ fy, ;g tkuuk t:jh gS fd ljdkj dh izkfIr;ksa rFkk O;; osQ fy,

                                      gekjs vius ns'k osQ lafo/ku esa D;k izko/ku gSa rFkk D;k izFkk,¡ gSaA bl lanHkZ esa loZizFke ;g uksV dj
                                      ysuk pkfg, fd ljdkj dh izkfIr;k¡ mlosQ vius LokfeRo esa gks ldrh gSa] vFkok blosQ ikl /jksgj osQ
                                      :i esa gks ldrh gSa (bu /jksgjksa dk eq[; :i m/kj gksrk gS)A
                                  •   Hkkjr ljdkj dks feyus okyh os lc izkfIr;k¡ tks blosQ vius LokfeRo esa vkrh gSa] mu [kkrksa esa j[kh
                                      tkrh gSa ftUgsa lkewfgd rkSj ij ^Hkkjr dh lesfdr fuf/* dgk tkrk gSA
                                  •   Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk rFkk blosQ fy, izkIr vU; lc jkf'k;k¡ ftu [kkrksa esa j[kh tkrh gSa] mUgsa lkewfgd rkSj
                                      ij ^Hkkjr dk yksd [kkrk* (Public Account of India) dgk tkrk gSA
                                  • ns'k dks dHkh fdlh ,slh fLFkfr dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gS ftlesa ljdkj dks ,dne O;; djus
                                      dh vko';drk iM+ tk,] ijarq laln ls mldh vuqefr ysus dk le; rFkk volj u gksA

                                4-5 'kCndks'k (Keywords)


                                      • iwjd (Supplimentary)µrq"V djus okykA
                                      • Hkkfjr (Charged)µ½.k;qDrA

                                4-6 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


                                  1-  ctV dk D;k vFkZ gS\
                                  2-  vPNk ctV D;k gS\
                                  3-  ctV ls lacaf/r oqQN rF;ksa dk o.kZu djsaA
                                  4-  fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksaµ

                                       (i) dkykof/           (ii) xksiuh;rkA
                                mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answers: Self Assessment)

                                        1. izys[k          2. ctV           3. ys[kkadu      4. foÙkh;
                                        5. /jksgj          6. (v)           7. (c)           8. (l)A

                                4-7 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)





                                  iqLrosaQ  1. yksd foÙkµU;w jkW;y cqd oaQiuhA
                                          2. Hkkjrh; yksd foÙk iz'kkluµeatw"kk 'kekZ] vks-ih- cksgjk] jfo cqDlA
                                          3. euh cSa¯dx baVjus'kuy VsªM ,aM ifCyd iQkbusalµuh-FkkbZ- lkse'ks[kj] vueksy] 2004A
                                          4. ifCyd iQkbusalµlqizhr ¯lg ,aM vfuy osQ- xqIrk] MksehusaV] 2012A
                                          5. ifCyd iQkbusalµuanfd'kksj izlkn] ,chMh ifCyosQ'ku] 2011A


                                           LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
                                           LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
                                           LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
          48                               LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
                                           LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
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