Page 29 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_ENGLISH

Unit 2: Development Strategies in India: Planning in India: Objectives, Strategies and Evaluation

(ii) new works such as irrigation projects, soil conservation land reclamation, afforestation etc. Notes
and (iii) rural cottage industries.
Under intensive cultivation-land can support much larger number of workers. According to an
easy mate, in 1971, 39 workers were employed per land acres in India and as such India was
classified as low-performance country but in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Egypt during
1965, the number of women employed per 100 acres was between 87 and. These countries are
high-performance nations models of small farms and highly labour-intensive pattern. The
experience of these countries shows home another 50 to 60 million people can be employed
agriculture in India and at the same time increase total output. The employment potential in the
newly-integated areas can be increased by 60 per cent provided there is only limited
mechanisation i.e., the adoption of machines which supplement human effort and easy or lighten
its burden rather than supplant it—”the Japanese style of farm machinery.”
(c) Large Vs. Small Industries : The Gandhian model of growth is in favour of small-scale and
cottage industries and it is against large scale industries producing consumer goods. Charan
Singh, an arden supporter of the Gandhian model of economic growth states : “No medium or
large-scale enterprise shall be allowed to come into existence in future which will produce
goods or services that cottage or small-scale enterprises can produce and no small scale industries
shall be allowed to be established which will production goods or services that cottage enterprise
can produce.”
(d) Equitable distribution : Growing concentration of economic power in the hands of a few and
inequality of incomes are the two major economic ills of the Indian economy despite the
profession of Socialism under Nehru model of economic growth. Accumulation of wealth and
the concentration of economic power are directly due to centralisation of the means of production
and centralised large-scale production. Gandhi has got probably the best and the most natural
solution to the problem of distribution. The natural solution is decentralised small-scale
production—this will cut at the very root of accumulation of wealth. And wherever large-scale
production is inevitable (as in basic and key industries), it should be left to Government
ownership and management. In the Gandhian model, the problem of distribution is tackled at
the production end and not at the consumption end.
The Gandhian model of growth hopes to achieve a national minimum level of living within the
shortest possible time and aims at removal of concentration of income and wealth and growth
with stability.
Self-Assessment
2. Choose the correct option:
1. The communist regimes in USSR rised in
(a) 1917 (b) 1914
(c) 1939 (d) None of these
2. LPG model of Deployment was introduced in
(a) 1990 (b) 1962
(c) 1991 (d) None of these
3. Food Security Summit took place in
(a) 2004 (b) 2000
(c) 1997 (d) None of these

4. The End of Laissz Fair was written by
(a) Kal Marx (b) Keynes
(c) Engels (d) None of these

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