Page 258 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI
P. 258
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk
uksV x, FksA blosQ vfrfjDr] VsDlVkbYl rFkk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh osQ vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj Hkh fopkj.kh; eqíksa esa
'kkfey FksA
• fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk Ñf"k ls lEcfU/r le>kSrk ?kjsyw lfClMh] fu;kZr lfClMh] U;wure cktkj igq¡p
dh opuc¼rk] ?kjsyw lgk;rk] LokLF;] ouLifr rFkk [kk| lgk;d dk;ks± ls lEc¼ gSA ;g le>kSrk
(v) xSj&VSfjiQ mik;ksa osQ LFkku ij lk/kj.k dLVe M~;wVh yxkdj] tks /hjs&/hjs de dh tk,xh ?kjsyw
cktkj dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; izfr;ksfxrk osQ fy, [kksyrk gS (c) ;g ljdkjh lgk;rk dks /hjs&/hjs de djosQ
vfr mRiknu dks /hjs&/hjs fu;af=kr djus dk iz;kl djrk gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i vfrjsdksa dks Hkh] tks
;k rks fu;kZr lfClMh osQ }kjk csps vFkok u"V fd, tkrs gSaA (l) ;g fu;kZr izfrLi/kZ ij ubZ
fu;ekofy;ksa dks ykxw djus vkSj lfClMh rFkk lfClMh izkIr fu;kZr dh ek=kk dks de djus osQ iz;Ruksa
dks Hkh izsfjr djrk gSA
• WTO dk nwljk egRoiw.kZ le>kSrk ckSf¼d lEink osQ vf/dkjksa osQ laj{k.k ls lEcfU/r gSA blosQ vuqlkj
fdlh Hkh u, vkfo"dkj osQ iathÑr isVsUV ij 20 o"kks± osQ fy, lEiw.kZ fo'o osQ fo#¼ ,dkf/dkj izkIr gks
tk,xkA bl vof/ esa fo'o esa dgha Hkh fdlh vU; O;fDr@laLFkk dks ml isVsUV ls jf{kr mRikn dk mRiknu
djus osQ fy, isVsUV/kjh O;fDr@laLFkk ls vuqKk ysuh gksxh o mls fu/kZfjr jkW;YVh jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk gksxkA
• fo'o O;kikj laxBu lfU/ dh rhljh egRoiw.kZ ckr O;kikj ls lEcfU/r fofu;kstu mik;ksa dh gSA blosQ
vuqlkj dksbZ jk"Vª fons'kh iw¡th fofu;ksx dk fu;eu ,oa fu;U=k.k ugha dj losQxkA
• fo'o O;kikj laxBu lfU/ osQ pkSFks le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr lHkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj&;ksX; lsok,¡ vkrh gSaA fons'kh
lsok,¡ vkSj lsok iznkrk] ?kjsyw lsokvksa vkSj lsok&iznkrkvksa osQ cjkcj le>s tk,¡xs rFkkfi ljdkjsa fof'k"V
ije&fe=k jk"Vª (MFN) dh NwV dh lwpuk nsaxh
• WTO osQ LFkkiuk le>kSrs osQ izko/kuksa osQ vUrxZr lnL; ns'kksa osQ ,dkf/dkj ,oa drZO; ls lEcfU/r fo"k;
ij fopkj&foe'kZ vkSj fookn osQ fuiVku dk izko/ku fookn&fuiVku (Dispute Settlement) fu;eksa vkSj
iz.kkfy;ksa osQ le>kSrs esa fd;k x;k gSA blosQ fy, ,d fookn fu/kZj.k fuiVku laLFkk (Dispute Settlement
Body-DSB) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
• cgqikf'oZd O;kikj le>kSrs (Plurilateral Trade Agreements-PTA) esa 'kkfey gSaμukxfjd foekuu
O;kikj le>kSrk] ljdkjh [kjhn dk le>kSrk] vUrjkZ"Vªh; nqXèkksRiknu le>kSrk rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; xksekal
le>kSrkA
• O;kikj esa rduhdh ck/kvksa dk le>kSrk (Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade) Vksfd;ks nkSj
esa LohÑr O;kikj esa rduhdh ck/kvksa osQ le>kSrs dk foLrkj.k vkSj Li"Vhdj.k gSA bl le>kSrs esa ;g
lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gS fd rduhdh foe'kZ vkSj ekud] ijh{k.k vkSj izek.ku iz.kkfy;k¡ O;kikj osQ ekxZ
esa vuko';d #dkoV u cusa] fiQj Hkh ;g le>kSrk Lohdkj djrk gS fd ns'kksa dks ekuoh;] i'kq vFkok
ouLifr LokLF; rFkk i;kZoj.k dh j{kk dk vf/dkj gSA
• O;kikj&uhfr iqujkoyksdu rU=k (Trade Policy Review Mechanism-TPRM) cgqi{kh; O;kikj rU=k osQ
lqpk# :i ls pyus osQ fy, cgqi{kh; O;kikj le>kSrksa osQ vUrxZr O;kikj uhfr;ksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa dk
iqujkoyksdu djrk gS] bl mís'; osQ fy, ;g O;kikj&uhfr iqujkoyksdu laLFkk (Trade Policy Review
Body-TPRB) dh LFkkiuk dk laosQr djrk gSA
• fo'o O;kikj laxBu osQ fofHkUu lEesyuksa esa cgqi{kh; O;kikj rU=k }kjk eqDr fo'o O;kikj dh mUufr esa
lnL;ksa }kjk fo'okl O;Dr fd;k tkrk jgk gSA le>kSrksa ls lEcfU/r dfri; eqíksa ij fodflr ,oa
fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ chp xEHkhj erHksn vHkh Hkh cuk gqvk gSA
252 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
