Page 263 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZμ24% varjkZ"Vªh; ekSfæd O;oLFkk

uksV

fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj (SDR)μfo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkjksa dk iz;ksx Hkh ekSfnzd iz.kkyh dh ,d
mYys[kuh; ?kVuk gS ftldk le>kSrk 1969 esa fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj SDR iz.kkyh dks fnlEcj 1971 esa
ykxw dj fn;k x;kA

24-2 1976 dh ubZ varjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd iz.kkyh (New International Monetary
System—1976)

chl dh lfefr (C 20) us twu 1974 dks viuh NBoha ,oa vfUre cSBd okf'kaxVu esa vk;ksftr dh rFkk viuh
fjiksVZ ‘An Outline of Monetary Reform’ izdkf'kr dhA bl fjiksVZ dh tkap eqnzk&dks"k osQ izdk'kd e.My dh
vUrfje lfefr us viuh cSBd tks tuojh 1976 esa ¯dxLVu (teSdk) esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ] esa dh rFkk eqnzk&dks"k
osQ fu;eksa esa u, ifjorZuksa dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ¯dxLVu lEesyu osQ ifj.kkeLo:i fo'o Lrj ij ,d ubZ vUrjkZ"Vªh;
ekSfnzd iz.kkyh dk tUe gqvk ftldh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gSa%

(1) vUrfje lfefr us ;g fo'okl O;Dr fd;k fd SDRs dks eq[; vUrjkZ"Vªh; fjtoZ osQ :i esa Lohdkj
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
(2) lfefr dh fliQkfj'kksa osQ vuqlkj Lo.kZ dk vfèkÑr ewY; (1 vkSal Lo.kZ = SDRs 35 = U.S. $ 42.22)
lekIr dj fn;kA
(3) eqnzk&dks"k dk 1@6 Hkkx Lo.kZ (25 fe- vkSal) cktkj ewY; ij csp fn;k x;k rFkk bl foØ; ls tks
ykHk izkIr gqvk mldk iz;ksx VªLV dks"k cukus osQ fy, fd;k x;k rkfd blls mu fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh
lgk;rk dh tk losQ tks Hkqxrku 'ks"k osQ ?kkVs osQ f'kdkj gSaA
(4) vU; 1@6 Lo.kZ dk va'k lnL; ns'kksa dks ykSVk fn;k x;kA
(5) 'ks"k Lo.kZ dk D;k iz;ksx fd;k tk,xk] bldk fuèkkZj.k lnL; ns'kksa osQ 85 izfr'kr cgqer ls fd;k tk,xkA
(6) SDRs dks eq[; fjtoZ osQ :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS rFkk lnL; ns'kksa dh eqnzkvksa dk lerk ewY;
SDR esa O;Dr fd;k tk,xkA vHkh ;g ewY; 5 ns'kksa dh eqnzkvksa osQ lewg }kjk O;Dr fd;k tk jgk gSA
(7) lnL; ns'kksa osQ vH;a'k esa 32-5 izfr'kr o`f¼ dj] oqQy vH;a'k dh jkf'k 39 fcfy;u SDR gks xbZA 1981
esa bls c<+kdj 60 fcfy;u SDR rFkk 30 twu] 1992 dks lnL; ns'kksa osQ vH;a'k dh oqQy jkf'k 91-2 fcfy;u
Mkyj FkhA vH;a'k dh leh{kk tks 5 o"kks± esa dh tkrh Fkh] 3 o"kks± esa dh tk,xhA lfefr bl ij lger
Fkh fd rsy mRiknd ns'kksa dk vH;a'k nwuk fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ orZeku vH;a'k esa
deh ugha gksuh pkfg,A
(8) lfefr us ;g Hkh fu.kZ; fy;k fd vc lnL;ksa dks Lo.kZ esa vH;a'k tek ugha djuk iM+sxkA

(9) lfefr us fu.kZ; fy;k fd eqnzk&dks"k dk vH;a'k c<+kus dk mís'; dks"k dh rjyrk esa o`f¼ djuk gS
vr% lHkh lnL;ksa dk ;g nkf;Ro gS fd os ,slh O;oLFkk djsa rkfd mudh eqnzk,a dks"k osQ ysu&nsu esa iz;qDr
dh tkus ;ksX; cuh jgsaA bl lacaèk esa eqnzk&dks"k us Lora=k :i ls iz;ksx djus ;ksX; eqnzk dh èkkj.kk
(Concept of Freely Usable Currency) fodflr dh gS ftldh nks fo'ks"krk,a bl izdkj gSaμizFke] ,slh
eqnzk ftldk vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrku djus osQ fy, foLr`r :i ls iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ,oa f}rh;] ,slh eqnzk
ftldk cM+s&cM+s fofue; cktkjksa esa foLr`r ysu&nsu fd;k tkrk gSA ;g y{k.k oqQN gh eqnzkvksa esa fey
ldrk gS] fdUrq lc ns'kksa dk ;g nkf;Ro gksxk fd os viuh eqnzk dk iz;ksx&;ksX; cukus osQ fy, viuh
eqnzkvksa dk fofue; djsaA

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