Page 132 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV 9-1 lglaca/ ifjHkk"kk ,oa vFkZ (Meaning and Definition of Correlation)

ØkDLVu ,oa dkmMsu us nks pjksa osQ eè; ik, tkus okys lEcU/ dh eki osQ :i esa lglEcU/ dks bl izdkj
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS fdμ^^tc lEcU/ ifjek.kkRed izÑfr dk gksrk gS] rks mls [kkstus ,oa ekius rFkk lw{e lw=k
osQ :i esa O;Dr djus osQ mfpr lkaf[;dh; ;qfDr dks lglEcU/ dgrs gSaA**

izks- ¯dx osQ vuqlkjμ^^;fn ;g lR; fl¼ gks tkrk gS fd vf/dka'k mnkgj.kksa esa nks pj&ewY; lnk ,d fn'kk
esa ;k foijhr fn'kk esa ?kVus&c<+us dh izo`fÙk j[krs gSa rks ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa ge ;g le>rs gSa fd muesa ,d lEcU/
ik;k tkrk gSA ;g lEcU/ gh lglEcU/ dgykrk gSA**

dkWuj osQ vuqlkjμ^^tc nks ;k vf/d jkf'k;k¡ lgkuqHkwfr esa ifjo£rr gksrh gSa ftlls ,d esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa
osQ iQyLo:i nwljh jkf'k esa Hkh ifjorZu gksus dh izo`fÙk ikbZ tkrh gS] rks os jkf'k;k¡ lglEcfU/r dgykrh gSaA**
uhLosatj osQ vuqlkjμ^^vk£Fkd leadksa dh nks ;k vf/d Jsf.k;k¡ tks ,d lkFk ;k foijhr fn'kk esa ifjo£rr gksa]
fØ;kRed :i ls lEcfU/r gks ldrh gSaA osQoy fØ;kRed lEcU/ksa dh mifLFkfr dk;Z dkj.k lEcU/ksa osQ
vfLrRo dks fl¼ ugha djrh gS_ ;g osQoy lglEcU/ dk lkaf[;dh; izeki gSA**
lglEcU/ fl¼kUr dh izÑfr ,oa egÙo (Nature and Significance)

ØkDLVu ,oa dkmMsu osQ vuqlkj] ^^foKku osQ eq[; mís';ksa esa] ,d rÙo (Factor) osQ ewY; dk] mlls lEcfU/r
rÙo osQ ewY; osQ lUnHkZ esa vuqeku yxkuk (lglEcU/ Kkr djuk) ,d eq[; mís'; gSA**
lkekftd] vk£Fkd ,oa oSKkfud {ks=k dh leL;kvksa osQ fo'ys"k.k esa lglEcU/ fl¼kUr dk cgqr vf/d egÙo
gSA lkaf[;dh; esa izrhixeu (Regression) ,oa fopj.k&vuqikr (Ratio of Variation) osQ fopkj lglEcU/
fl¼kUr ij gh vk/kfjr gSaA lglEcU/ fl¼kar ij vk/kfjr vuqeku vf/d fo'oluh; gksrs gSaA fVisV us Hkh Li"V
fd;k gS fd lglEcU/ dk izHkko gekjh Hkfo";ok.kh dh vfuf'prrk osQ foLrkj dks de djrk gSA
vFkZ'kkL=k ,oa O;olk; osQ {ks=k esa lglEcU/ fl¼kUr osQ egÙo dks Li"V djrs gq, izks- uhLosatj us fy[kk gS
fdμ^^lglEcU/&fo'ys"k.k vk£Fkd O;ogkj dks le>us esa ;ksx nsrk gS] fo'ks"k egÙoiw.kZ pjksa] ftu ij vU; pj
fuHkZj djrs gSa] dks [kkstus esa lgk;rk nsrk gS_ vFkZ'kkL=kh dks mu lEcU/ksa dks Li"V djrk gS] ftuls xM+cM+h
iSQyrh gS rFkk mls mu mik;ksa dk lq>ko nsrk gS ftuosQ }kjk fLFkjrk ykus okyh 'kfDr;k¡ izHkkoh gks ldrh gSaA**
bl izdkj Li"V gS fd nks lead Jsf.k;ksa ;k ?kVukvksa osQ ikjLifjd lEcU/ ,oa muosQ rqyukRed vè;;u esa
lglEcU/ fl¼kUr cgqr vf/d egÙoiw.kZ gSA

lglEcU/ fl¼kUr dk izfriknu loZizFke Úkal osQ [kxksy'kkL=kh ckzosl (Bravais) us fd;k Fkk] lglEcU/
fl¼kUr dh fcUnqjs[kh; fof/ dk izfriknu Úkafll xkYVu (Francis Galton) us fd;kA lglEcU/ Kkr djus dh
xf.krh; fof/ osQ izfriknu rFkk bls oSKkfud :i iznku djus dk Js; dkyZ fi;lZu (Karl Pearson) dks gSA

uksV~l nks ijLij lEcfU/r lead Jsf.k;ksa esa ,d gh fn'kk ;k foijhr fn'kk ls gksus okys ifjorZu dh

izo`fÙk dks gh lkaf[;dh esa lg&fopj.k (Co-variance) ;k lglEcU/ (Correlation) dgk tkrk
gSA

9-2 lglEcU/ osQ izdkj (Types of Correlation)

lglEcU/ dks fn'kk] vuqikr] ,oa pj&ewY;ksa dh la[;k osQ vk/kj ij fuEu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj ldrs gSaμ

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