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Development of Education System

Notes Self Assessment
2. State whether the following statements are ‘True’ or ‘False’:
(i) SSA requires three types of plans.
(ii) A perspective plan shows the perspective of the state.
(iii) An annual plan provides a picture of present educational scenario and a number of
interventions to achieve the goal of universalisation.
(iv) Various states are at some levels in the field of education.

18.7 Summary

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a comprehensive and integrated flagship programme of
Government of India to attain Universal Elementary Education (UEE), covering the entire
country in a mission mode. SSA has been launched in 2001-2002 in partnership with the
State Governments and Local Self Governments.
• On one hand, SSA is a programme with its own targets, norms and processes and on the
other it is an umbrella programme covering other programmes like District Primary
Education Programme (DPEP), Lok Jumbish, Operational Blackboard, etc. The gigantic
dimensions of the programme and the financial implications call for a meticulous planning
and a rigorous appraisal.
• SSA adopts, “the bottom-up” process of planning, wherein the felt needs of the served
communities and educational needs of learners are well taken care of and the plan fits into
the broad framework of SSA.
• A programme with a clear time frame for universal elementary education.
• A response to the demand for quality basic education all over the country.
• An opportunity for promoting social justice through basic education.
• An effort at effectively involving the Panchayati Raj Institutions, School Management
Committees, Village and Urban Slum Level Education Committees.
• The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aims to provide useful and relevant elementary education for
all children in the 6 to 14 age group by 2010. Following are the main objectives of SSA:
(i) All children in school, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternate School, 'Back-to-School'
camp by 2003.
(ii) All children complete five years of primary schooling by 2007.
(iii) All children complete eight years of elementary schooling by 2010.
(iv) Focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for
life.
• Institutional reforms in states.
• Sustainable financing in partnership with states (IX Plan 85:15, X Plan 75:25, After X plan
50:50).
• Community ownership of school based interventions through effective decentralization.
• Institutional capacity building for improvement in quality.
• Community based monitoring with full transparency in all aspects of implementation.
• Community based approach to planning with a habitation as a unit of planning.
• Major Areas of Interventions in SSA: (1) Education of out-of-school children (Educational
Guarantee Scheme and Alternative & Innovative Education); (2) Quality Improvement
(3) Special Focus Groups; (4) Research and Evaluation; (5) Management Structure and
Institutional Capacity Building; (6) Community Mobilization.
• SSA envisages the preparation of District Elementary Education Plan (DEEP) – a
comprehensive Plan of Action for the educational improvement of the whole district.

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