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Development of Education System Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Notes Unit 21: Problems of Secondary Education (Aims,

Curriculum, Methods and Examination)

CONTENTS
Objectives
Introduction
21.1 Development of Secondary Education
21.2 Aims of Secondary Education
21.3 Curriculum of Secondary Education
21.4 Methods of Teaching in Secondary Education
21.5 Student Examination and Evaluation
21.6 Summary
21.7 Keywords
21.8 Review Questions
21.9 Further Reading

Objective

The objectives of this unit can be summarized as below :
• to explain the development of secondary education
• to discuss about aims of secondary education
• to describe the curriculum of secondary education
• to explain the methods of teaching in secondary education
• to discuss the student examination and evaluation

Introduction

In an increasingly globalizing world, secondary education (12 years of schooling) is being seen as
a part of basic education in most countries. Besides creating knowledge, skills and attitudes
appropriate for an inclusive society, investment in secondary education is considered critical for
preparing a citizenry that is committed to good governance, fiscal accountability and transparency.
Secondary education increasingly is being integrated in comprehensive long-term strate4gies for
development at the national level so as to ensure a holistic social inclusion.
The value of secondary education has been increasing day-by-day. In independent India, the
network of educational institutions has expanded remarkably. Between 1950/51 and 2007/08, the
number of secondary and higher secondary level institutions increased by mo9re than twenty-
three fold, from 7416 to 173.0 thousand (SES, 2007-08). Secondary and/or higher secondary sections
(grades IX-X and/or grades XI-XII) was more than 195.0 thousand in 2009-10, which included
around 166.0 thousand institutions having secondary section and around 57.0 thousand institutions
having higher secondary section (NUEPA, 2001). We will discuss about secondary education in
this unit.

21.1 Development of Secondary Education

Development of secondary education has been divided in five period.
First Period : Originally all secondary schools were English Schools. They were established by
private bodies, Christian missionaries and Government. As a result of Lord Auckland’s Minute

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