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'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl
uksV • foKku ,oa xf.kr dh f'k{kk osQ fy, mPp vè;;u&osQUnzksa dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg, vkSj muesa ;ksX;
,oa vuqHkoh vè;kidksa dh fu;qfDr dh tkuh pkfg,A
• foKku osQ lEcfU/r fo"k;ksa osQ lS¼kfUrd ,oa iz;ksxkRed i{kksa esa leUo; LFkkfir fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
• izk;ksfxd HkkSfrd'kkL=k ,oa jlk;u'kkL=k dk fodkl djus osQ fy, fo'ks"k iz;kl fd, tkus pkfg,A
• orZeku oSKkfud] vkS|ksfxd ,oa vU; vko';drkvksa dks iw.kZ djus osQ fy, 2 o"kZ osQ ,e-,l-lh- osQ
dkslZ osQ vfrfjDr 1 o"kZ ;k de vof/ dk dksbZ fo'ks"k dkslZ vkjEHk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
• Ñf"k&iz/ku ns'k] Hkkjr esa Ñf"k dh ghu n'kk vkSj ns'k osQ fy, mlosQ egRo dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,]
¶vk;ksx¸ us Ñf"k dh f'k{kk eas lq/kj ,oa foLrkj djus osQ fy, lq>ko fn, gSaμ
• ¶vk;ksx¸ us Ñf"k&fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk] dk;ks± vkfn osQ fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr lq>ko fn;s gSaμ
(i) izR;sd jkT; esa de&ls&de ,d Ñf"k&fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg,A
(ii) Ñf"k&fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa d{kk&f'k{k.k dh vis{kk izk;ksfxd ,oa iz;ksx'kkyk&dk;ks± ij vf/d cy fn;k
tkuk pkfg,A
(iii) Ñf"k&fo'ofo|ky;ksa eas Ñf"k&f'k{kk osQ vè;kidksa osQ fy;s izf'k{k.k&osQUnzksa dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg,A
(iv) Ñf"k&fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa Ñf"k dh f'k{kk] vuqla/ku ,oa izlkj&dk;ZØeksa dh mÙke O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A
5-4 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• izkfof/dμ rduhd
• vxzkafdrμ vkxs fy[kk gqvk
5-5 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1. Hkkjrh; f'k{kk vk;ksx vFkok dksBkjh vk;ksx osQ eq[; lq>koksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
2. dksBkjh vk;ksx (1964&66) osQ mís';ksa dk laf{kIr foospu dhft,A
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1. (1) ch-, vkSj ,e- ,- (2) :lh Hkk"kk (3) ekè;fed f'k{kk
(4) Ñf"k&f'k{kk (5) izkS|ksfxdh
2- (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) (4) (c)
(5) (d)
5-6 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
1. vè;kid f'k{kkμ,u- vkj- lDlsuk] ch- osQ feJk] vkj- osQ- eksgUrh_ fou; j[kstk ifCy'klZ] jkt
fizUVlZ (;w-ih-)
2. i;kZoj.k vè;;uμMk- c`tfoykl ik.Ms;_ izdk'ku osQUnz y[kuÅA
3. Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk fodklμizks- lqjs'k HkVukxj] MkW- lat; oqQekj_ fou; j[kstk ifCy'klZ]
(;w-ih-)A
4. 'kSf{kd rduhdh osQ ewy rRo ,oa izca/uμMkW- ,l- osQ- eaxy] Jherh 'kqHkzk eaxy_ b.Vjus'kuy
ifCy¯'kx gkml (;w-ih-)A
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