Page 104 - DEDU502_GUIDANCE_AND_COUNSELING_ENGLISH

Guidance and Counseling

Notes the counselor. Individuals having similar problems discuss their problems. with each other and this
develops better insight into the problem. There are, according to Super (1960), four forms of group
counseling or therapy : (1) cathartic supportive, (2) non-directive, (3) group development therapy,
and (4) interpretive group therapy. Cathartic-supportive counseling is an attempt on leading the
members of the group to confession to the group. Through confession and frank discussion much of
the tension is released. Non-directive group counseling is the same as Roger’s technique of counseling.
It is discussed in detail in another chapter. The group development therapy is based on group
interaction the basic principle being understanding for their behaviour and problems, developing
insight and modifying behaviours as a result of interaction and discussion with each other. In case
of interpretative therapy the counselor through his own interprotations of the reactions of group
members brings about a change in the attitudes of the individuals. This is said to be in most effective
form of group counseling.
But, group guidance, programmes in the educational and vocational setting are largely of orientation
type. Situations of counseling or therapeutic nature are rare. Super (1960) holds that group
development counseling is applicable only at the post-college level.

What is cross sectional group guidance?

Self Assessment
2. State whether the following statements are ‘true’ or false’ :
(i) Group guidance is an integral part of the guidance programme.
(ii) At the elementary stage orientation programme can not be organized before admission of
students.
(iii) Orientational kind of group guidance concentrates on orienting pupils to new environment,
new courses or new programmes.
(iv) At the secondary stage much of the group guidance work has to be done as part of classroom
activities by the principal.

8.7 Summary

• Personal guidance is the help given to the individual to solve his personal problems. In every
school are found quite a few students who are emotionally maladjusted and are unable to
make satisfactory social adjustement.
• Counseling of the parents, sometimes, becomes inevitable. Suggestions are made to them as to
how they can themselves help the child.
• Personal guidance is the assistance given to any individual to solve his emotional problems and
to assist him to control his emotions. Controlled emotion is the most significant characteristic
of a mentally healthy individual. An individual having control over his emotions when treatened
with conflicts and frustrations is able to maintain a mental balance by working against stress.
• Personal Problems: Personal guidance is needed in case of personal problems. It aims at social
and emotional well-being of the pupils. Hence, its need is rooted in the emotional distrubance
or emotional imbalance of the pupils. Just as the focus of educational problems and educational
guidance is the matters related to students education, the focus of vocational problems and
vocational guidance is the matters related to individual’s vocation, the focus of personal
problems and personal guidance is the matters related to his person, his inner life and own
behaviours.

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