Page 220 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes are called G scores. Grades and months are commonly listed as 4.3 or 5.2, i.e. 3
months into grade 4 or 2 months into grade 5.
(ii) Age equivalents : Indicate the position on an age scale at a point on which a pupil’s
performance places him. For example, a child with 4.3 grade equivalent may be
found on a table of norms equivalent to 8.5 grade equivalent which means equivalent
to median score of 8 years and 5 months olds on the same test. He may otherwise be
about a year younger or older in his assignment on the subject-matter of the test. Age
equivalents are represented by Educational Quotient (E.Q.) for achievement, say in
Reading. Likewise Mental Age (M. A.) is considered on general intelligence and Reading
Age (R.A.) for achievement in Reading. E.A. of 9-8 indicates the same level as average
children of 9 years and 8 months.
(iii) Quotients as derived scores : Such derived scores show relationship between two
characteristics of the child or indicate the manner in which growth of various types is
related, e.g. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.), Educational Quotient (E.Q.) and Reading Age
(R.A.). Suppose a pupil has Chronological Age (C.A.) of 8.4, Educational Age (E.A.) of
9-2, a Mental Age (M. A.) of 9-7 and Reading Age (R.A.) of 9-4. For such a child.

His E.Q.= = = = 110

His I.Q. = = = = 115

His R.Q.= = = = 112

(b) Derived scores Based on Variability of Performance
These are of two types :
(i) Percentile ranks, and
(ii) Scores that express position on a scale in units of standard deviation or quartile deviation.
(c) Derived scores Based on Standard Deviation
These may be of 4 types :
(i) Z scores : lt is a simple method of showing deviation of a score from arithmetic mean of
distribution. Its formula is:

Z =
where X = raw score; M = Arithmetic mean; and S.D. = standard deviation of the raw
scores.
(ii) T score : It is similar to Z score except that it eliminates the use of negative values and
decimals. A.M. is taken as 50 and S.D. as 10 to calculate the T score, using the formula :

T =
where, X, M and S.D represent raw score, arithmatic mean and the standard deviation
respectively.
(iii) Standard scores, scaled scores , equated scores and converted scores : These are derived
scores that help compare the scores on different parts of the same test or even on different
tests. These are based on mean and standard deviations for some standard group.

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