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'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV ekiu dk nwljk i{k gS pj ls lEcfUèkr O;ogkjksa rFkk fØ;kvksa dh [kkst djuk ;k Kkr djuk ftuls
visf{kr xq.k vU; xq.kksa ls i`Fkd fd;k tk losQA bu O;ogkjksa rFkk fØ;kvksa dks Kkr djus osQ fy,
pj dh ifjHkk"kk ,oa lajpuk dks è;ku esa j[kuk gksrk gSA ifjHkk"kk osQ vkèkkj ij O;ogkjksa vkSj fØ;kvksa
osQ fuèkkZj.k esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
bl r`rh; lksiku osQ vUrxZr ftu O;ogkjksa dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS] mUgsa djkus osQ fy, ifjfLFkfr osQ
:i esa iz'u fd;s tkrs gSaA
ijh{k.k (Testing)&buosQ vUrxZr iz'uksa es bl rjg osQ O;ogkjksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS fd muosQ
mÙkj lgh o xyr gksrs gSaA lgh O;ogkj osQ fy, ,d vad vkSj xyr osQ fy, 'kwU; fn;k tkrk gSA

jsfVax LosQy (Rating Scale)&blosQ vUrxZr O;ogkjksa dks dFku osQ :i esa fn;k tkrk gSA bu dFkuksa
dk jsfVax djk;k tkrk gSA tSls& lger] vlger rFkk rVLFkA
vuqlwph (Inventory)&bl izdkj dh ekifu;ksa dk mi;ksx O;fDrRo] vfHk:fp;ksa rFkk ewY;kas osQ ekiu
essa fd;k tkrk gSA blesa tks O;ogkj djk;s tkrs gSaA og lgh ,oa xyr ugha gksrs cfYd muosQ O;ogkjksa
ls ml pj osQ lEcUèk esa cksèk gksrk gSA
3-7 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

pjμftldk eku cnyrk gSA
cgqykadμvad ftudh la[;k vfèkd gksA

3-8 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

(i) izR;;] lajpuk rFkk pj dk vFkZ crkb, rFkk buesa vUrj Hkh Li"V dhft,A pjksa osQ izdkj crkb,A

(ii) vlrr~ pj rFkk lrr~ pj esa vUrj crkb, vkSj ekiu esa buosQ egÙo dk o.kZu dhft,A
(iii) ekiu osQ Lrj] vuqekiuh rFkk pj esa lEcUèk Li"V dhft,A vuqekifu;ksa dk vFkZ crkb, vkSj rqyuk
dhft,A
(iv) ekiu dh fØ;kvksa osQ lksiku crkb,A bu lksikuksa dh fØ;kvksa rFkk leL;kvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
mÙkjμ LoμewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1- 1. pj 2. ukfer ekiu 3. Øe lwpd ekiuh 4. 'kwU;

3-9 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)

1. 'kSf{kd ,oa ekufld ekiuμ MkW- vkj- ,- 'kekZ_ vkj- yky- cqd fMiksA

2. ekufld ekiu ,oa ewY;kaduμ MkW- vkj- ,- 'kekZ_ vkj- yky- cqd fMiksA
3. f'k{k.k vfèkxe dk euksfoKkuμ MkW- vkj- ,- 'kekZ_ vkj- yky- cqd fMiksA

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