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bdkbZ—6% oSèkrkμ izdkj] fofèk;k¡ rFkk mi;ksfxrk




                                                                                                      uksV




















                                σ 2         lfEefyr dkjd pfjrk
                           r xy  ef   =
                              σ  2 x  σ –  2 i  izkIrkad  pfjrk & inks dh pfjrk
                                                         a
                              2
                  dkjd pfjrk (  ) ds c<+us ls oSèkrk c<+sxh rFkk fo'oluh;rk Hkh c<+sxh D;ksafd okLrfod vad pfjrk
                              ef
                  c<+ tk;sxhA
            (2)   fo'oluh;rk vkSj oSèkrk dk lEcUèk gksrk gS] ijUrq blds oqQN viokn gSaA ;fn ijh{k.k ds vUrxZr fotkrh;
                  inksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS rks mlds fo'oluh;rk de gksxh vkSj mldh oSèkrk vfèkd gksxhA ;fn
                  ijh{k.k esa ltkrh; inksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tk, rks fo'oluh;rk c<+ tk;sxh ijUrq oSèkrk ij dksbZ izHkko
                  ugha iM+sxkA fo'oluh;rk c<+kus ls dkjd oSèkrk c<+uh pkfg;s] ijUrq ,slk ughaa gksrk gSA blls ,slk izrhr
                  gksrk gS fd fo'oluh;rk oSèkrk esa lglEcUèk ugha gSaA
            (3)   ijh{k.k ds bu nksuksa xq.kksa esa dbZ izdkj ls budh rqyuk djuk mfpr ugha gS] D;ksafd nksuksa dk mís';
                  vyx&vyx gSa fo'oluh;rk =kqfV pfjrk vkSj okLrfod vad pfjrk ls lEcfUèkr gksrh gS tcfd oSèkrk
                  LFkk;h =kqfV vkSj dkjd pfjrk ls lEcfUèkr gksrh gSA okLrfod vad pfjrk ds nks i{k gksrs gSa ,d&dkj.k
                  pfjrk_ f}rh;&fof'k"V dkjd pfjrk gSA
            (4)   mPpre fo'oluh;rk xq.kd izkIr djus ds fy;s ;g vko';d gksrk gS fd ijh{k.k ds inksa esa vkilh
                  vkUrfjd lg&lEcUèk vfèkd gksA tcfd mPpre oSèkrk&xq.kd ds fy;s ijh{k.k ds inksa esa vkilh
                  vkUrfjd lg&lEcUèk de gksA








                   vfèkdre oSèkrk xq.kd ds fy, ;g Hkh vko';d gksrk gS fd ijh{k.k ds inksa dk dfBukbZ Lrj
                   leku gksA tcfd vfèkxe oSèkrk xq.kd ds fy, ijh{k.k inksa ds dfBukbZ Lrj esa vUrj gksuk pkfg,A













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