Page 91 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—6% oSèkrkμ izdkj] fofèk;k¡ rFkk mi;ksfxrk

• yh ts- ØkucSd osQ vuqlkjμfdlh ijh{k.k dh oSèkrk mldh og lhek gS] ftl lhek rd og] ogh ekirk uksV

gS] ftlosQ fy, mldk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA
• vkj- ,y- FkkuZMkbd osQ vuqlkjμdksbZ Hkh ekiu&fofèk ml lhek rd oSèk gS] ftl lhek rd og ml dk;Z

osQ fdlh liQy ekiu ls lg&lEcUèk gS] ftlosQ fo"k; esa iwoZ dFku gsrq mldh jpuk dh x;h gSA
• ØkucSd osQ vuqlkj oSèkrk osQ izdkjμbUgksaus oSèkrk dh pkj izdkj nh gSaμ (1) ikB~;&oLrq oSèkrk
(Content Validity); (2) rkRdkfyd oSèkrk (Concurrent Validity); (3) iwoZdfFkd oSèkrk (Predicitive

Validity); (4) lajpukRed oSèkrk (Construct Validity)A
• xzhu] tksjsxsUlu rFkk tjosfjp osQ vuqlkj (Green, Jorgansen and Jurverich)μbUgksaus oSèkrk dh rhu
izdkjksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSμ(1) ikB~;&oLrq oSèkrk (Curricular Validity); (2) lkaf[;dh oSèkrk (Statis-

tical Validity); (3) rk£dd oSèkrk (Logical Validity)A
• ÚheSu osQ vuqlkj oSèkrk osQ izdkj (According to Freeman)μbUgksaus oSèkrk osQ pkj izdkj crk, gSaμ
(1) O;kogkfjd oSèkrk (Operational Validity); (2) dk;kZRed oSèkrk (Functional Validity);
(3) dkjd oSèkrk (Factorial Validity); (4) vkeq[k oSèkrk (Face Validity)A
• oSèkrk osQ vU; izdkjμ euksoSKkfudksa us oqQN vU; izdkj dh oSèkrk dk mYys[k fd;k gSA tSlsμ
(1) vkUrfjd oSèkrk (Internal Validity)μblh dks vU; fo}kuksa us O;kogkfjd (Operational) oSèkrk
dh laKk nh gSA (2) cká oSèkrk (External Validity)μbl izdkj dh oSèkrk dks vU; fo}kuksa us fØ;kRed
(Functional) oSèkrk dh laKk nh gSA bls lkaf[;dh oSèkrk (Statistical Validity) dgk gSA
(1) vkUrfjd oSèkrk (Internal Validity) vFkok fØ;kRed oSèkrk (Operational Validity)μbldk
vFkZ ;g gS fd ijh{k.k osQ }kjk ftu O;ogkjksa dk ekiu djuk gS mUgsa i;kZIr :i ls fd;k tkrk gSA
ftUgsa euksoSKkfud oSèkrk ijh{k.k nsus osQ O;ogkj osQ leku gSA
(2) cká oSèkrk (External Validity) vFkok fØ;kRed oSèkrk (Functional Validity)μbl izdkj
dh oSèkrk ls rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ijh{k.k iz'uksa osQ vkèkkj ij muosQ Hkfo"; osQ O;ogkj osQ lEcUèk esa fdl
lhek rd Hkfo";ok.kh dh tk ldrh gSA bl izdkj dh oSèkrk osQ fy, cká ekun.M dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA
• vkeq[k oSèkrk (Face Validity)μbl izdkj dh oSèkrk osQ le; esa euksoSKkfud ,d jk; ugha gSaA oqQN yksxksa
bls ,d oSèkrk osQ izdkj ekurs gSa] vkSj oqQN yksx ugha ekursA D;ksafd blosQ fy, dksbZ U;k; laxr vkSfpR;
ugha gSA bl izdkj dh oSèkrk dk egRo O;kolkf;d n`f"V ls rks gS ijUrq euksoSKkfud n`f"V ls ugha gSA
bl izdkj dh oSèkrk ls rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ijh{k.k dk ckã :i ,slk gks ftlls ;g izrhr gks fd ;g fo'ks"k
O;ogkjksa ;k xq.k osQ ekiu osQ fy, cuk;k x;k gSA
• oSèkrk Kkr djus dh izeq[k rhu fofèk;k¡ gSaA budk iz;ksx oSèkrk xq.kd Kkr djus osQ fy, dgk tkrk gSμ
(1) vuqekfur rkfydk (Expectancy Table)A
(2) lg&lEcUèk (Coefficient of Correlation)μrRo fo'ys"k.k (Factor Analysis) esa Hkh lg&lEcUèk
xq.kd dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA rRo fo'ys"k.k lglEcUèk dk gh foLrkj gSA cgq&lglEcUèk (Multiple
Correlation) Hkh lglEcUèk xq.kd dk foLrkj gSA
(3) iqf"V oSèkdj.k (Cross-Validaiton)μ;g fofèk oSèkrk osQ fy, nks izdkj ls iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA
blfy, blosQ vUnj nks fofèk;k¡ lkèkkj.kr;k iz;qDr dh tkrh gSaA

(v) vuqHkotU; oSèkdj.k (Empricial Validation), rFkk
(c) rk£dd oSèkdj.k (Rational Validation)A

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