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fJekJh^8L N?;N fBowkD
fJekJh^8L N?;N fBowkD
fJekJh^8L N?;N fBowkD
fJekJh^8L N?;N fBowkD
fJekJh^8L N?;N fBowkD
(iii) ______ fJ~e seBheh gqfeqnk BjhA j? fijVh fJ~e uzrk gqPB g~so pDkUD bJh ftP/P~rsk dh wzr eodh È؇
j?, pbfe ;zgkdB, soe;zrs fBoD/ ns/ ;jh fBoD/ b?D dh nkb'uBkswe p[~Xh j?.
(e) gohyD (y) w[~bKeD
(r) ;zP'XB (x) gqhfynk.
8H6 ;ko nzP (Summary)) )) )
8H6 ;ko nzP (
8H6 ;ko nzP (
8H6 ;ko nzP (
8H6 ;ko nzP (
• fJ~e uzrk gqPB g~so pDkUDk jo fJ~e dk ezw BjhA. fJ; bJh fbyD, nkb'uBk eoD, ;zgkdB ns/ wdK
Bz{ ;[XkoD dh bzph ns/ brksko nfGnk; dh Io{os j?. fJ; d/ bJh fJ~e uzr/ gqPB g~so d/ wkDdzvK d/
g{o/ frnkB dh ;wM j'Dh Io{oh j? fit/A seBheh r[D fit/A t?Xsk, ftPtk;:'rsk ns/ T[g:'rsk, fijV/
fe fJ~e w[~bKeD T[geoD Bz{ ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ doik d/D, UBK dk u[Bkt eoD ns/ UBK dhnK T[gbpXhnK
s/ ;oNhfce/N d/D bJh fBoGosk:'r pDkUAd/ jB.g/go ;?ZfNzr dh seBhe dh g{oh ;wM ft~u fJ~e
gqPB g~so d/ fttjkfoe fvIkJhB dh fsnkoh Pkfwb j?, fijVk gqPB g~so dh ;?fNzr bJh gqko{g gqdkB
eodk j?. nfij/ gqko{g ft~u ;w~roh fJekJhnK iK gkmeqw d/ y/soK dh gfjukD, gohyD bJh Pkfwb
ehs/ ikD tkb/ w[~bKeD T[d/P, tos/ ikD tkb/ gqPBK d/ o{g, torK dh :'iBk ns/ gqPBK dk efmBsk ;so
nkfd Pkfwb j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk e[M ekoeK fit/A e[b ;wK, e[b nze, g/goK dh ;zfynk, wkBsktK nkfd
th Pkfwb jB. ftfGzB ;w~roh y/soK, T[d/PK ns/ gqPBK d/ o{gK Bz{{ nfXwkB d/Dk th fvIkJhB dh gqfeqnk
ft~u Pkfwb eoBk Io{oh j?. nrbk uoD p'ov iK gqhfynk J/iz;h d[nkok fd~s/ rJ/ fvIkJhB d/ nB;ko
ykek pDkUDk j?. fJj ykek w[~bKeD T[d/PK d/ ;zdoG ft~u ftfGzB ;w~roh fJekJhnK nB[;ko gqPBK ns/
nzeK dk ftsoD gqdkB eodk j?. fJ; soK e[zih, T[ZsoK dh o{go/yk ns/ nzeD :'iBk nB[;ko yke/ ft~u
gqPBK dk gqko{g pDkUDk ;ob j' iKdk j?. fJ; s'A pknd gqPB g~so Bz{ fJ~e ftP/P c'ow?N ns/
;zrmBkswe Bw{Bk gqdkB eoD bJh gqPBK dk ;w{jheoD ehsk iKdk j?. nrbk uoD nkw fBod/P ns/
ftfGzB GkrK bJh fdPk fBod/P fbyD dk j?. gqPBK dh ;zgkdB ns/ ;whfynk gqPB tko ftPb/PD
d[nkok ehsh iKdh j? fi; d/ nkXko s/ Io{oh ;[Xko ehs/ iKd/ jB ns/ g/go Bz{ SkgD :'r nzfsw o{g fd~sk
iKdk j?. gqzs{ nzfsw o{g bJh fJ~e ftP/P~r dh okJ/ Io{oh j[zdh j? sK fe ;zP'XB d[nkok j'o Io{oh ;[Xko
ehs/ ik ;eD. fJj ftfGzB ftPk ftP/P~rK ns/ gqfPefPs w[~bKeD eosktK d[nkok ehsk iKdk j?. eJh
tko gqPB g~so Bz{ j'o t?X, ftPtk;:'r ns/ T[g:'rh pDkUD bJh g/go ;?ZNoK ns/ ;zP'XBeosktK dk
fJ~e g?Bb gq:'r ehsk iKdk j? fijV/ gqPB g~so Bz{ tXhnk pDkUD bJh fJ~e nzfsw BIo wkod/ jB.
fJ; soK g/go ;?ZfNzr fJ~e bzph gqfeqnk j? fijVh seBheh frnkB, fwjBs ns/ s/I p[~Xh dh wzr eodh
j?.
8H7 Ppde'P
8H7 Ppde'P
8H7 Ppde'P
8H7 Ppde'P
8H7 Ppde'P (Keywords)
fBowkD L e[M pDkUD iK fBowkD eoD dh gqfeqnk .
g{ot M[ekn pDkUDk L fe;/ Bz{ J/Bk gqGkfts eoBk fe Uj fe;/ ftP/P sohe/ Bkb ;'uD b~r/.
ykek L fJ~e :'iBk fijVh do;kUAdh j? fe eh ns/ fe; soK gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j?.
8H8 nfGnk; gqPB
8H8 nfGnk; gqPB
8H8 nfGnk; gqPB
8H8 nfGnk; gqPB
8H8 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
1. gohyD dh ntXkoDk dk toDB eo' ns/ fJ; Bz{ gqGkfts eoD tkb/ g{ot M[ekn ekoeK dk toDB eo'.
2. fJ~e N?;N dk ykek eh j[zdk j?< fJ~e yke/ Bz{ ftef;s eoD bJh Io{oh uoDK pko/ d~;'.
3. ftfGzB soK d/ gqPBK ns/ UBK d/ nzeD d/ gqko{g dk T[d/P ns/ dkfJok eh j?<
4. fJ~e N?;N dk ftPb/PD fet/A ehsk ikdk j?<
5. gqPB g~so d/ ;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk dk toDB eo'.
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