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fJekJh^21L ;?w?;No gqDkbh pBkw ;kbkBk gqDkbh
                                                                         fJekJh^21L ;?w?;No gqDkbh pBkw ;kbkBk gqDkbh
                                                                         fJekJh^21L ;?w?;No gqDkbh pBkw ;kbkBk gqDkbh
                                                                         fJekJh^21L ;?w?;No gqDkbh pBkw ;kbkBk gqDkbh
                                                                         fJekJh^21L ;?w?;No gqDkbh pBkw ;kbkBk gqDkbh
            (ii) fJ; gqDkbh dk d{ik r[D fJj j? fe rowhnK dhnK S[~NhnK ft~u th gVkJh j[zdh j?. fijV/  È؇
               ftfdnkoEh fgSb/ ;/w?;No ft~u fe;/ ftP/ ft~u c/b j'J/ jB, UBK dh gVkJh ubdh ofjzdh j?.
        •   ;?w?;No gqDkbh dhnK nkgDhnK ;hwktK ns/ ntr[D jBL
            (i) ;?w?;No gqDkbh e/tb T[Zu ft~fdnk d/ y/so ft~u gq:'r ehsh ik ;edh j? fi~E/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh
               ;zfynk ;hfws j[zdh j?. fJ; gqDkbh Bz{ gqkoEfwe ns/ ;?ezvoh ;so s/ gq:'r BjhA ehsk ik ;edk.
            (ii) jo ;?w?;No bJh gkmeqw fBoXkfos eoBk ns/ jo ;?w?;No d/ nzs ft~u gqhfynk dk nk:'iB eoBk
               fJ~e w[Pfeb gq;skt j?.
        •   ;kbkBk ns/ ;?w?;No gqDkbh ft~u s[bBk j[zdh jh ofjzdh j?. d'tK gqDkbhnK d/ nkgD/ nkgD/ r[D ns/
            ntr[D jB. ;kbkBk gqDkbh gkozgfoe gqDkbh j?. fJ; ft~u fJ~e' tko ft~u nfXe gkmeqw Pkfwb ehsk
            iKdk j? ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ fJj ;G ;kb d/ nzs s~e :kd o~yD bJh wip{o ehsk iKdk j?. eJh tko
            fJ~e' jh g/go ft~u d' iK nfXe ftP/ th Pkfwb eo bJ/ iKd/ jB. BjhA sK eJh tko, e[M ftP/ ykoi eo
            fd~s/ iKd/ jB ns/ gkmeqw x~N eo fd~sk iKdk j?. feUAfe ;kb d/ nzs ft~u e/tb ;kotifBe gqhfynktK
            nk:'fis j[zdhnK jB, ftPtftfdnkb/ e'b gqPB^g~so fsnko eoD bJh ns/ T[Zso g[;seK dh iKu bJh
            pj[s ;wK j[zdk j?. gqhfyneK ns/ gqhfynkoEhnK dh ;zfynk th xNkJh ik ;edh j?.
        •   ;?w?;No gqDkbh ft~u, ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ nfXe ckfJdk j[zdk j?l feUAfe gqhfynktK wjhfBnK ft~u jh j[zdhnK
            jB. i' th :kd ehsk j[zdk j?, fdwkr ft~u skIk j[zdk j?. gkmeqw dk Gko th x~N j[zdk j?. fJ~e' jh g/go ft~u
            fGzB ftfPnK Bz{ Pkfwb eoD dh Io{os BjhA g?Adh. ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ ;[Xko d/ nfXe w"e/ fwbd/ jB.
        •   ;Bkse ekbiK d[nkok ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ ;?w?;No gqDkbh bJh fsnko eoD bJh p[j[s w[PfebK dk ;kjwDk
            eoBk fgnk. ;?w?;No gqDkbh pj[s ;feqn gqDkbh j? feUAfe fJj ftfdnkoEhnK ns/ nfXnkgeK Bz{ g{o/
            ;kb ft~fdne rshftXh ft~u brk e/ o~ydh j?.


        21H10 Ppde'P
        21H10 Ppde'P
        21H10 Ppde'P
        21H10 Ppde'P  (Keywords)
        21H10 Ppde'P
        ;kbkBk         L  jo ;kb ft~u fJ~e tko j'D tkbk .
        ;?w?;No        L  d' ft~u'A fJ~e ntXh fiBK ft~u ;e{b iK ekbi dk ;so tzfvnk j[zdk j?.
        ;ss            L  e[M ;wK ubdk ofjD tkbk.

        21H11 nfGnk; gqPB
        21H11 nfGnk; gqPB
        21H11 nfGnk; gqPB
        21H11 nfGnk; gqPB
        21H11 nfGnk; gqPB  (Review Questions)
        1.  gqhfynk dhnK ;kbkBk ns/ ;?w?;No gqDkbh dh ftnkfynk eo''.
        2.  gqhfynk dh ;kbkBk ns/ ;?w?;No gqDkbh ft~u eh nzso j?<
        3.  ;?w?;No gqDkbh d/ r[DK ns/ ntr[DK pko/ d~;'.
        T[Zso L  ;t^w[~bKeD
        T[Zso L  ;t^w[~bKeD
        T[Zso L  ;t^w[~bKeD
        T[Zso L  ;t^w[~bKeD
        T[Zso L  ;t^w[~bKeD  (Answers: Self Assessment)
        1.   (i)  ;bkBk           (ii)  gkmeqw        (iii)  ;?w?;No           (iv) brksko                 (v) ;zuko
        21H12 ;zdoG g[;seK
        21H12 ;zdoG g[;seK
        21H12 ;zdoG g[;seK
        21H12 ;zdoG g[;seK
        21H12 ;zdoG g[;seK  (Further Readings)
            p[e;  1H  ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeDL i/H ;to{g okDh, fv;etoh gpfbfPzr jkT{;.
                  2H nfXnkgB ft~u wkg ns/ w[~bKeDL B'owB n?vtov rq'Bbzv w?efwbB.

                  3H nfXnkgB ft~u wkg ns/ w[~bKeDL okpoN n?b fbB, fgno;B n?i{e/PB fJzvhnk.
                  4H w[~bKeD dk gq'rokw ns/ gqdoPB wkgL i/w; ;h w/ v/ftv, b"ok nko n?b jkE"oB, ;/i
                      gpbhe/PB.



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