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fJekJh^32L wB'ftq~sh, ywsk, ftnefs~st ns/ p[~Xh dk wkg
fJekJh^32L wB'ftq~sh, ywsk, ftnefs~st ns/ p[~Xh dk wkg
fJekJh^32L wB'ftq~sh, ywsk, ftnefs~st ns/ p[~Xh dk wkg
fJekJh^32L wB'ftq~sh, ywsk, ftnefs~st ns/ p[~Xh dk wkg
fJekJh^32L wB'ftq~sh, ywsk, ftnefs~st ns/ p[~Xh dk wkg
(11) fJ; soK fsnko ehsk wB'ftq~sh g?wkBk UBK b'eK T[Zs/ gqPkf;s ehsk iKdk j?, fiBK dh wB'ftq~sh È؇
wkgh ikDh j't/. g?wkB/ d/ ftfGzB fpnkBK T[Zs/ UBK d/ ;e'o gqkgs ehs/ iKd/ jB. ;G fpnkBK T[Zs/
fe;/ ftnesh d/ gqkgs ;e'o T[; dh wB'ftq~sh dk ;ze/s eoDr/.
(12) gqkgs ;e'oK d/ ftPb/PD bJh, UBK Bz{ t w[~bK iK gqshPseK ft~u gfotofss ehsk ik ;edk j?.
wB'ftq~sh g?wkB/ dk fBowksk fJ; d/ bJh fJ~e gfotosB ;koDh th pDk ;edk j?.
;[cho dh T[Zso'so nzso dh ftXhL
;[cho dh T[Zso'so nzso dh ftXhL ;[cho d[nkok ftef;s ehsh T[Zso'so nzso dh ftXh Eo;NBEo;NB
Eo;NB
(iv) ;[cho dh T[Zso'so nzso dh ftXhL;[cho dh T[Zso'so nzso dh ftXhL ;[cho;[cho Eo;NB
Eo;NB
;[cho dh T[Zso'so nzso dh ftXhL ;[cho;[cho
P/t
P/t
P/t
ns/ P/tP/t d/ ;wkB fdyd/ nzsokb ftXh dk ;zP'fXs o{g j?. fJ; d/ g?wkB/ d/ fpnkB bJh e/tb fJ~e
ftnesh d/ fBoD/ dh Io{os j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh id'A fpnkBK dh ;zfynk nfXe j't/, sK fJj ftXh ;jh
ofjzdh j?. fJ; ftXh ft~u gfjbK wB'ftfrnkfBe ;ss dk fBoDk ehsk iKdk j?. ftfGzB fvrohnK ft~u
11 ;{soh, 9 ;{soh iK 7 ;{soh wB'ftfrnkfBe ;ss ftt;fEs eoD s'A pknd ;zuthA doK dh wdd Bkb
fpnkBK d/ g?wkBk w[~b gsk ehs/ iKd/ jB.
fJ; s'A pknd, ;wkB fdyD ftXh dh wdd Bkb wB'ftq~sh g?wkBk fsnko ehsk iKdk j?. fJj wB'ftq~sh g?wkBk
wB'ftq~sh wkgD bJh gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; d/ gqPk;B ns/ ;e'fozr dh ftXh ;wkB fdyD ftXh d/ ;wkB
j?.
(v) r~Nw?B dh ;e/b'rqkw dh ftXhL fJj pkeh ftXhnK Bkb'A t~y j?. fJ; ftXh d[nkok fsnko ehs/ wB'ftq~sh
g?wkB/ ft~u, nkw ftP/ Bkb ;zpzfXs fpnkB i'fVnK ft~u j[zd/ jB. fizB/ nfXe wB'ftq~sh d/ o{g ft~u nze
j'Dr/, UBk jh fe;/ ftnesh dh gqshfeqnk d{finK d/ w[ekpb/ nB[e{b j't/rh. n;b ft~u, fJj ftXh fJ~e
wB'ftq~sh g?wkBk fsnko eoD dh ftXh BjhA j?, pbfe wB'ftq~sh g?wkB/ d/ w[~bKeD dh ftXh j?.
fJ; ftXh ft~u wB'ftq~sh dk ftPk y/so u[fDnk iKdk j?. u[D/ ftP/ T[Zs/ fpnkB pDkJ/ iKd/ jB. fpnkB
r~Nw?B
r~Nw?B d/ nB[;ko, i/eo fpnkBK dh ;zfynk
wd ftPb/PD iK j'o nzeVk ftXhnK d[nkok u[D/ iKd/ jB. r~Nw?Br~Nw?B
r~Nw?B
nfXe j't/, sK fpnkB nB[Gt iK rfjoh fdqPNh d[nkok th u[D/ ik ;ed/ jB. fpnkBK T[Zs/ gqshfeqnktK
d' fvrohnK ft~u gqkgs ehshnK iKdhnK jB^ ;fjws ns/ n;fjws. r~Nw?B B/ ‘;fjws’ bJh 1 nze
ns/ ‘n;fjws’ bJh 0 nze d/D bJh fejk j?. fJ~e wB'ftfrnkfBe t;s{ bJh, nfXe iK nB[e{b
wB'ftq~sh bJh 1 nze ns/ x~N iK gqshe{b wB'ftq~sh bJh 0 nze fd~sk iKdk j?. wB'ftq~sh g?wkBk fpnkBK
T[Zs/ gqkgs ;e'o fJ~e ftnesh dh wB'ftq~sh t~b ;ze/s eod/ jB.
g?wkBk G/dGkt seBheL
g?wkBk G/dGkt seBheL
(vi) g?wkBk G/dGkt seBheL g?wkBk G/dGkt seBheL
g?wkBk G/dGkt seBheL fJj ftXh n?vtov ns/ febg?Nfoe d[nkok ftef;s ehsh rJh. fJ; ft~u,
;G ftXhnK d/ r[D Pkfwb ehs/ rJ/ jB. fJ; ftXh d[nkok wB'ftq~sh g?wkBk fsnko eoD bJh j/mK fd~s/
uoD j[zd/ jBL
(1) T[; wB'ftfrnkfBe t;s{ Bkb ;zpzfXs fpnkB fi; d/ bJh wB'ftq~sh wkgh ikDh j?, t~vh ;zfynk
ft~u fsnko ehs/ iK fJ~em/ ehs/ iKd/ jB ns/ gqPkf;s ehs/ iKd/ jB.
(2) fco fpnkBK d/ g?wkBk w[~b ns/ Q-w[~b ;wkB fdyD nzsokb ftXh d[nkok gsk ehs/ iKd/ jB. us[oE
ftubD s'A nfXe Q-w[~b tkb/ 50# fpnkB o~d eo fd~s/ iKd/ jB ns/ pkeh 50# fpnkB n~r/ d/
ftPb/PD bJh o~y/ iKd/ jB.
(3) fJ; s'A pknd, 50# u[D/ fpnkB fbeoN ftXh d[nkok g/P ehs/ iKd/ jB. fpnkBK Bz{ gzi dh EK S/
fvrohnK ft~u tzfvnk iKdk j?^ fdqV ;fjwsh, ;fjwsh, E'Vh fijh ;fjwsh, E'Vh fijh n;fjwsh,
n;fjwsh ns/ fdqV n;fjwsh. fbeoN dh ftXh d/ nB[;ko fJ; dh nzeD seBhe 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 fBoXkfos ehsh iKdh j?. ;G fpnkBK d/ o{g ft~u gqkgs g?wkBk t~v/ ;w{j T[Zs/ gqPkf;s ehs/ iKdk j?
ns/ wd ftPb/PD ftXh d[nkok jo fpnkB T[Zs/ G/dGkt skes gsk ehsh iKdh j?. n?vtov ns/
febg?fNqe B/ G/dGkt skesK gsk eoD bJh ckJh r[DKe dk gq:'r ehsk j?. ckJh r[DKe gsk eoD bJh
T[Zu ns/ fBwB d'jK ft~u'A 27# ftebg u[D/ iKd/ jB. j/mK fd~s/ ckow{bk Bkb ckJh r[DKe dh rDBk
ehsh iKdh j?L
bc – ad
ϕ = (ab + )(b d + )(ac (c + ) d
+
379
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