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Teacher Education

Notes • Regarding the higher education, National Policy of Education and Programme of Action of
1986 and 1992 emphasized that higher education should be provided to the people with an
opportunity to reflect on the critical social, economic, cultural, moral and spiritual issues.
• The National Policy of Education of 1986 and Programme of Action of 1992 provided a
significant formulation regarding the content and process of education.
• The values of secularism, socialism, democracy must be emphasized by the citizens of the
country.
• Education must reduce the rural urban disparities and determined measures should be
taken to promote diversification and dispersal of employment opportunities.
• Emphasis was laid on adult education especially within the age group of 15 and 35 years.
• It also emphasized on distance education.
• The Programme of Action (POA) 1992 aimed to fulfill the objective of universal enrolment
and retention of children and successful completion of education upto 14 years.
• POA suggested decentralized planning and good management of primary education.
• NPE and POA gave due importance to improvement of education in educationally backward
areas.
• The NPE and POA perceived the problem of women education in India and therefore stressed
the need for equal opportunity for all.
• The POA, 1992 laid considerable stress on the need of value education and inculcation of
proper perspective about the country's cultural traditions.
• It laid importance on higher education and research work.
• Vocational education was given importance by the POA to increase individual competency
and national productivity.
• Teacher training facilities should be provided to eligible candidates in the teaching
profession. It also suggested that the service conditions and salaries of teachers should be
improved.
• The NPE and POA emphasized that in order to avoid structural dualism, modern educational
technology should be reached out.
• The NPE and POA also emphasized on the education of the handicapped.
• The NPE and POA emphasized on the protection of environment.
• The NPE and POA stressed on the education of ST, SC. OBC and the minorities.
16.6 Keywords

• Innovations : The introduction of new things.
• Formulated : To create or prepare something carefully.
• Strategies : Plans are interceded to achieve a particular purpose.
• Vocationalization : Connected with the skills, knowledge etc. that you need to have in
order to do a particular job.

16.7 Review Questions

1. What were the main recommendations of the NPE, 1986?
2. What were the main objectives of the NPE of 1986 and Programme of Act, 1992?
3. Explain the main recommendations of POA.
4. What are effects of the NPE 1986 and POA, 1992, on the education system of India?

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