Page 289 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_HINDI

vè;kid f'k{kk

uksV osQ fy;s Hkh gks ldrk gSA Vhe osQ fy;s vè;kidksa dk dk;Z dbZ Hkwfedkvksa vkSj fo'ks"krkvksa dks izn£'kr djrk gSA
Vhe Hkwfedk esa Vhe dk usrk eq[; vè;kid] va'kdkyhu vè;kid] vè;kid dh lgk;rk djus okyh lkexzh ,oa
Vhe DyoZQ lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
lewg f'k{k.k osQ ykHk
,.Mjlu (1966) us lewg f'k{k.k dh lkr fo'ks"krk;sa ekuh gSa ftUgsa lewg f'k{k.k osQ ykHk osQ :i esa ekuk tk
ldrk gSμ
(i) f'k{k.k dk;Z esa fo'ks"k ;ksX;rkA
(ii) Nk=kksa dks milewgksa esa ckaVus esa yphykiuA
(iii) LowQy lalkèkuksa dk izHkkoh iz;ksxA
(iv) O;kolkf;d ,oa vO;kolkf;d yksxksa dks iwjd f'k{kd osQ :iesa dk;Z djus dh lqfoèkkA

(v) lalkèkuksa ,oa rduhdh osQ iz;ksx dh foLr`r lEHkkouk;saA
(vi) izf'k{k.kk£Fk;ksa ,oa u;s vè;kidksa osQ izf'k{k.k esa lqfoèkkA
(vii) lewg lnL;ksa dh O;kolkf;d ;ksX;rk esa o`f¼A

27-11 vfHkØfer vuqns'ku (Programmed Instruction)

;g vfèkxe foKku osQ {ks=k esa ,d ØkfUrdkjh fofèk gS ftlus vè;kid f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa egÙoiw.kZ LFkku cuk
fy;k gSA vktdy fo|ky;h fo"k;ksa osQ f'k{k.k] 'kSf{kd lkaf[;dh ,oa f'k{kk euksfoKku osQ oqQN {ks=kksa esa bldk
iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS ftlosQ iQyLo:i oqQN vPNs dk;ZØe fodflr gq;s gSa ftuls Nk=kkè;kid ykHkkfUor gks
ldrk gSA

vfHkØfer vuqns'ku osQ ykHk
(i) bl esa Nk=k fØ;k'khy jgrs gSa vkSj viuh ;ksX;rkuqlkj vkxs c<+rs gSaA
(ii) blesa izHkkoh vfèkxe osQ fy;s lHkh izdkj osQ oSKkfud fl¼kUrksa dk vfèkdre iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(iii) blesa vfèkxe izHkkoh] lq[knk;h ,oa LFkk;h gksrk gSA
(iv) bldk iz;ksx ?kj ij vè;;u esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftlls la'kksèku dk;ZØe esa yxu okys vè;kid dk
le; cp tkrk gSA
(v) blls vfèkxe rhoz xfr ls] fuf'pr ,oa vfèkd xgu gksrk gSA

27-12 tula[;k f'k{kk (Population Education)

tula[;k f'k{kk iw.kZr;k uohu {ks=k gSA blesa ewY;ksa vkSj n`f"Vdks.kksa dk fo'ks"k Kku ,oa lwpukvksa rFkk f'k{kdksa dk
lekos'k gSA blosQ vuqlkj] O;fDr ,oa jk"Vª dh HkykbZ gsrq] NksVs ifjokj osQ vkn'kZ ls larq"V gksuk vR;ko';d gSA
vktdy vè;kid f'k{k.k esa ,d lqfu;ksftr ifjokj ls lEcfUèkr n`f"Vdks.k dk fodkl vfuok;Z :i ls gks x;k
gS rkfd os vfr tula[;k o`f¼ osQ ifj.kkeksa osQ izfr tkx:d jg losaQA
tula[;k f'k{kk dk egÙo

1- tula[;k f'k{kk ls f'k{kd f'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa lekos'k }kjk HkkoukRed ,drk] jk"Vªh; ,drk] vUrjkZ"Vªh;
le>&cw> dk fodkl gksxk rFkk bls Nk=kksa esa Hkh fodflr fd;k tk losQxkA
f'k{kdksa esa tula[;k f'k{kk izR;; bl izdkj mRiUu fd;k tkuk pkfg;s fd os ifjokj lhfer j[ksa D;ksafd
;g ifjokj rFkk ns'k dh vk£Fkd izxfr gsrq vko';d ,oa egÙoiw.kZ gSA ;g Hkkouk ,oa n`f"Vdks.k fo|k£Fk;ksa
esa Hkh fodflr fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA

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