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Unit 13: Mentally Retarted: Definition, Types, Characteristics

(b) Trainable Mentally Retarded (TMR) : The TMR children have IQ 25 to 50. They are expected Notes
to have physical or sensory impairments and many tend to look different in terms of facial
features and physical characteristics. They function at a level where formal academic learning
is quite limited. They can learn to feed, toilet and dress self adequately. They can carry on
rudimentary conversation, and do simple house hold work. But they need training in self
care activities, language development and rudimentary academic skills. They are usually
placed in special classes or special schools.
(c) Custodial Mentally Retarded (CMR) : The CMR have IQ below 25. They are so much retarded
in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour that they remain totally dependent on
others for their existence. It is because of their severe retardation that they are institutionalised
early in life. Their speech and toilet habits remain at a primitive level. Behaviour modification
and environmental stimulation techniques are usually recommended for their training.

What is educable mentally retardation (EMR)?

Self Assessment

2. Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option:
(i) ........................ child has low intelligence but his development is not adequate according his
mental level.
(a) Physical disabled (b) Mentally retarted
(c) Backward (d) delinquent
(ii) Mentally retarted children has poor ........... due to several reasons lack of motivation, feeling
of insecurity.
(a) adjustment (b) critical
(c) understand (d) lack of motivation
(iii) The EMR children have I.Q. .......................... .
(a) 500 to 100 (b) 50 to 80 (c) 50 to 75 (d) 50 to 90
(iv) The TMR children have I.Q.......................
(a) 20 to 40 (b) 25 to 50 (c) 70 to 100 (d) 10 to 25

13.4 Summary
• “Mental deficiency is characterized by inadequate intellectual functioning in adaptive,
associative and learning power, yet sufficient with I.Q. fifty (50) to become socially adequate
and occupationally competent with the help of special educational facilities.”
• Children with mental retardation show no physical problem but may be slow in instructions.
• There are six categories of clinical type of mentally retarded children: (i) Simple types
(ii) Mongolism (Down’s syndrome) (iii) Microcephaly (iv) Hydrocephaly (v) Trarematic Amantia
(vi) Cretinism (Thyroid deficiency).
• The characteristics of mentally retarded persons very depending upon the level of retardation,
country, age, culture etc. The terms currently used to described the various degrees of mental
retardation are mild, moderate, severe and profound.
• Educable Mentally Retarded (EMR) : The EMR children have IQ 50 to 75. They have normal
appearance and remain unidentified until late teens

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