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Special Education

Notes were not preventing other students from learning, and they had large blocks of time devoted to
the intensive instruction and counseling they needed. However, the disruptive children had no
positive peer role models in the classroom.
• Mainstreaming was seen as a moral imperative, almost a human rights effort on behalf of special
needs children. No one was studying the techniques, teaching methods, staffing and training
needed for a comprehensive program of inclusion. This lack of preparation and research led to
poor planning and poor implementation in many school districts.
• Special education students would still have an individualized educational program (IEP) and
achievable goals, and there would be more of an effort to tailor goals to every student's abilities
and needs.

28.6 Keywords
• Implementation : To make something that has been officially decided start to happen
• Inclusive : Including a wide range of people having somebody as a part of a group.
• Mainstream : The ideas and opening that are thought to be normal because they are
shared by most people.
• Trends : A general direction in which a situation is changing.

28.7 Review Questions

1. Define the term "inclusive education".
2. What is mainstreaming?
3. What are objectives of policies on inclusive education?
4. Describe the teaching methods in mainstreaming.

Answers: Self Assessment
1. (i) inclusive education (ii) disabilities
(iii) 1987
2. (i) True (ii) False (iii) True (iv) False

28.8 Further Readings

1. The Principles and Practice of Educational Management: Tony Bush, Les Bell,
SAGE Publisher, 2002.
2. Educational Management : Strategy, Quality, and Resources, Margaret Preedy, Ron.

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