Page 24 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_ENGLISH

Special Education

Notes 1837. In 1846 he published his classic textbook Idiocy and Its Treatment by the Physiological
Method.
• Louis Braille was the most important figure in the history of education of the blind. Braille,
who became blind due to an accident during his early childhood, developed a revolutionary
system of reading and writing for the blind.
• Sullivan was a student of Howe. She was greatly influenced by her teacher's training methods.
Although she was visually handicapped, she served as Helen Keller's tutor. Helen Keller was
deaf-blind-mute.
• Today, special education is a complex system for meeting the special learning needs of
exceptional students. Three types of assistance are generally available: direct services, indirect
or consultative services, and related services.
• Direct services are provided by working with students themselves to correct or compensate for
the conditions that have caused them to fall behind in school or to enrich or accelerate the
progress they are making in school.
• Indirect or consultative services are provided to classroom teachers and others who work with
exceptional students over a period of time to help meet the needs of the students. Helping a
teacher identify the best method for teaching a student with learning disabilities to read.
• Related services are provided by specially trained personnel directly to students or indirectly
to those who work with exceptional students. Related services include psychological testing
and counseling, school social work, educational/occupational therapy, adapted physical
education, school health services, and transportation.
• Even when students require full-time special services, there are different degrees of
"restrictiveness." Some students spend all their time in special education classrooms. Others,
because of illness or other medical problems, are educated in hospitals or at home. Still others
are taught in residential (institutional) settings, in classes run and staffed by personnel from
local school districts. In the most restrictive setting, students live in a residential school or
institution and are taught by staff members of that school or institution.

3.5 Keywords

• Origin : The point from which something starts.
• Specialist : A person who is an expert in a particular area of work or study.
• Contributions : An action or a service that helps to cause.
• Therapy : The treatment of a physical problem or an illness.

3.6 Review Questions
1. Give the names of any two American contributors and their contributions in special education.
2. What is indirect or consultative services?
3. What is the position of special education in India?
4. Give the segments contribution in special education?
Answers: Self Assessment
1. (i) Seguin (ii) Braille
(iii) Thomas Hopkins (iv) Systematic efforts
(v) Europe
2. (i) True (ii) False (iii) True (iv) False
(v) True

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