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Special Education Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Notes Unit 11: Identification, Causes, Problems of Speech

and Hearing Impaired

CONTENTS
Objectives
Introduction
11.1 Speech Impairment
11.2 Hearing Impairment
11.3 Summary
11.4 Keywords
11.5 Review Questions
11.6 Further Readings

Objectives

The objectives of this unit can be summarized as below:
• to explain the identification, causes and problems of speech impairment.
• to describe the identification, causes and problems of hearing impairment.

Introduction

The type of cognitive impairment can vary widely, from severe retardation to inability to remember,
to the absence or impairment of specific cognitive functions (most particularly, language). Therefore,
the type of functional limitations which can result also vary widely.
Hearing impairment means any degree and type of auditory disorder, while deafness means an
extreme inability to discriminate conversational speech through the ear. Deaf people, then, are those
who cannot use their hearing for communication. People with a lesser degree of hearing impairment
are called hard of hearing. Usually, a person is considered deaf when wound must reach at least 90
decibels (5 to 10 times louder than normal speech) to be heard, and even amplified speech cannot be
understood.

11.1 Speech Impairment
The type of cognitive impairment can vary widely, from severe retardation to inability to remember,
to the absence or impairment of specific cognitive functions (most particularly, speech). Therefore,
the type of functional limitations which can result also vary widely.
Cognitive impairments are varied, but may be categorized as memory, perception, problem-solving,
and conceptualizing disabilities. Memory problems include difficulty getting information from short-
term storage, long term and remote memory. This includes difficulty recognizing and retrieving
information. Perception problems include difficulty taking in, attending to, and discriminating sensory
information. Difficulties in problem solving include recognizing the problem identifying, choosing
and implementing solutions, and evaluation of outcome. Conceptual difficulties can include problems
in sequencing, generalizing previously.
11.1.1 Identification
Identification of Speech Impairment: Various techniques are used but one such technique is to
know the behavioural clues to detect speech defects.

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