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Unit 4: Major Literary Terms-IV

4.6.6 Classification by Position Notes
The preceding classification has been based on the nature of the rhyme; but we may also classify
rhymes according to their position in the verse:
• Tail rhyme is also called end rhyme: a rhyme in the final syllable(s) of a verse (the most
common kind)
• When a word at the end of the line rhymes with a word in the interior of the line, it is called an
internal rhyme.
• Holorhyme has already been mentioned, by which not just two individual words, but two
entire lines rhyme.
A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyming lines in a poem. Internal rhyme is rhyme which occurs
within a single line of verse.
• A form of verisimilitude often invoked in fantasy and science fiction invites readers to pre-
tend such stories are true by referring to objects of the mind such as fictional books or years
that do not exist apart from an imaginary world.
Imagination in this sense, not being limited to the acquisition of exact knowledge by the requirements
of practical necessity, is, up to a certain point, free from objective restraints. The ability to imagine
one’s self in another person’s place is very important to social relations and understanding.

Albert Einstein said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge
is limited. Imagination encircles the world.” But in reality, without knowledge,
imagination cannot be developed.

In various spheres, however, even imagination is in practice limited: thus a person whose
imaginations do violence to the elementary laws of thought, or to the necessary principles of practical
possibility, or to the reasonable probabilities of a given case is regarded as insane.
The same limitations beset imagination in the field of scientific hypothesis. Progress in scientific
research is due largely to provisional explanations which are developed by imagination, but such
hypotheses must be framed in relation to previously ascertained facts and in accordance with the
principles of the particular science.

4.7 Sonnet

The sonnet is one of several forms of poetry originating in Europe, mainly Great Britain and Italy,
and commonly has 14 lines. The term “sonnet” derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian
word sonetto, both meaning “little song” or “little sound”. By the thirteenth century, it had come to
signify a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure. The
conventions associated with the sonnet have evolved over its history. The writers of sonnets are
sometimes referred to as “sonneteers,” although the term can be used derisively. One of the best-
known sonnet writers is William Shakespeare, who wrote 154 of them (not including those that appear
in his plays). A Shakespearean, or English, sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line containing ten syllables
and written in iambic pentameter, in which a pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
syllable is repeated five times.

The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g; the last
two lines are a rhyming couplet.

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