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Unit 5: Classification of Speech Sounds: Vowels, Consonants-General Introduction

5.1.6 The Classification of English Consonants according to the Notes
Place of Articulation

Classification Articulators Examples from English
Bilabial Upper lip and lower lip /p b m w/
Dental Teeth and tip of tongue / ð /
Labio-dental Lower lip and upper teeth /f v/
Alveolar alveolar (teeth) ridge /t d s z r l n/
and tip and blade of tongue
Post-alveolar Hard palate and tip of /r/
tongue
Palato-aveloar Hard palate—alveolar and /f/z/  /dz/
tip, blade and front of tongue
Palatal Hard palate and front of tongue /j/
Velar Soft palate and back of tongue /k g ŋ /
Glottal Glottis (vocal cords) /h/

This table includes the classification of all the consonants of English. To exemplify the classification
of the consonants in Hindi we can present this table in the following way:

5.1.7 The Classification of Hindi Consonants according to the
Place of Articulation
Articulators Examples from
Hindi
Velar Soft palate and back { }
of tongue

Palatal Hard palate and tip { }
and front of tongue
Retroflex Hard palate and tip of { }
(Cerebral or tongue curled back
cacuminal)
Dental Teeth and tip of tongue { }
Labio-dental Lower lip and upper { }
teeth
Bilabial Two lips { }

Alveolar Alveolar ridge and lip { }
and blade of tongue
Glottal

(laryngeal) Glottis (vocal cords) { }
Uvular Uvula and root of { }

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