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bdkbZ 14 % HkfDrdkyhu vU; lkfgfR;d izo`fÙk;k¡





          ^iz'uksÙkj jRuekyk*] ^deZcÙkhlh*] ^'khycÙkhlh* vkSj ^ckykocksèk* budh izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSA oqQ'kychj lkstr  uksV
          uxj osQ fuoklh FksA ;s dY;k.kykHkk osQ f'k"; Fks vkSj budk jpuk&dky 1637 ls 1672 bZ- gSA buosQ vusd
          uhfr&xzaFk gSaμHkkst pkSikbZ] lhyorh jkl] deZ pkSikbZ] o.kZu laiqV rFkk mfíe&deZ&laoknA budh Hkk"kk
          jktLFkkuh gS vkSj 'kSyh mins'kkRed gSA

          14-1-4 vdcjh njckj dk dkO;

          lezkV vdcj dks ¯gnh Hkk"kk ls vuqjkx FkkA jktHkk"kk ;|fi iQkjlh Fkh] rFkkfi fuR; osQ O;ogkj esa ¯gnh gh
          iz;qDr gksrh FkhA os u osQoy ¯gnh&dfo;ksa dk vius njckj esa lEeku djrs Fks] oju~ Lo;a Hkh ¯gnh vkSj iQkjlh
          esa dkO;&jpuk djrs FksA vdcjh njckj esa ftu ¯gnh&dfo;ksa dks fo'ks"k lEeku izkIr Fkk] os gSaμprqHkqZtnkl]
          vkldj.k] i`Fohjkt] euksgj] VksMjey] ujgfj] chjcy ^czã*] xax] rkulsu vkSj jgheA prqHkqZtnkl fo}ku
          vkSj fo|kuqjkxh Fks rFkk chjcy osQ ekè;e ls vdcjh njckj esa lEekfur gq, FksA ckn esa ;s
          jkèkkoYyHk&laiznk; esa nhf{kr gq, vkSj thoui;ZUr o`ankou esa jgsA ^}kn'k ;'k* (1503) budh Ñ".k&HkfDr
          lacaèkh izfl¼ jpuk gSA jktk vkldj.k ujojx<+ osQ jktk Hkhe¯lg osQ iq=k FksA ^vkbZus vdcjh* esa budk
          mYys[k gqvk gSA dkykarj esa ;s xqlkb± foV~ByukFk th osQ lsod gks x, vkSj lsok&fofèk lh[kdj
          Ñ".k&yhyk&xku esa fujr jgus yxsA ^nks lkS ckou oS".kou dh okrkZ* vkSj ^dhrZu&laxzg* esa buosQ in feyrs
          gSaA dfo i`Fohjkt chdkusj jkT; osQ laLFkkid jko chdk th osQ oa'kt FksA budk tUe 1549 bZ- esa gqvk FkkA
          ;s n'kZu] T;ksfr"k vkSj laxhr osQ Kkrk rFkk vPNs dfo FksA ^osfy fØlu #fDe.kh jh i`Fohjkt dFkh*]
          ^';keyrk*] ^n'kjFk jkomr*] ^olqnso jkomr* vkSj ^xaxkygjh* osQ vfrfjDr buosQ LiqQV xhr Hkh miyCèk gSaA
          ^osfy fØlu #fDe.kh jh* HkfDr& Ük`axkj dk vuqie xaazFk gSA bldh Hkk"kk ljl vkSj vyaÑr ¯Mxy gSA dfo
          i`Fohjkt th oYyHk&laiznk; esa nhf{kr FksA buosQ ân; esa Hkxoku~ Ñ".k vkSj cztHkwfe osQ izfr cM+h vkLFkk FkhA
          jktHkfDr] ns'kHkfDr vkSj bZ'ojHkfDr rhuksa buesa fo|eku FkhaA ;s Ñ".kHkDr rks Fks gh] vdcj osQ izfr buesa
          jktHkfDr Fkh vkSj ns'kHkfDr osQ dkj.k ;s egkjk.kk izrki¯lg osQ izfr vikj J¼k&Hkko j[krs FksA vdcj osQ
          njckjh dfo gksrs gq, Hkh bUgksaus egkjk.kk izrki dk ;'kksxku fd;k gSA ;Fkkμ
                             vdcj len vFkkg] lwjki.k Hkfj;ks ltyA
                             esokM+ksa fr.k ekag] iks;.k iwQy izrkilhAA
                             ckgh jk.k izrkilh] oxrj esa cPNhgA
                             tko.k Hkhrj tky esa eq¡g dk<+;ks ePNhgAA






            uksV~l  vdcjh njckj esa oqQN fo'ks"k dfo;ksa dks lEeku izkIr Fkk] os FksμprqHkqZtnkl] vkldj.k]
                    i`Fohjkt] euksgj] VksMjey] ujgfj] chjcy] cá] xax] rkulsu vkSj jgheA


          euksgj dfo iQkjlh] laLÑr vkSj ¯gnh esa dkO;&jpuk djrs FksA feJcaèkqvksa us bldk jpuk&dky 1563 bZ-
          ekuk gSA ;s ;qokoLFkk esa vdcjh njckj esa Fks vkSj o`¼koLFkk esa tgk¡xhjh njckj esaA vdcj us bUgsa ^jk;* dh
          mikfèk nh FkhA buosQ }kjk jfpr ^'kr iz'uksÙkjh* xzaFk vc miyCèk ugha gSA blesa uhfr vkSj  Ük`axkj osQ nksgs FksA
          buosQ dkO;&xq.kksa dh iz'kalk f'ko¯lg lasxj] feJcqèk rFkk vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy us dh gSA iQkjlh osQ dfo
          gksus osQ dkj.k budh Hkk"kk vkSj dkO;&dyk esa iQkjlh dk iqV gqvk djrk FkkA vdcjh njckj esa
          Hkwfedj&foHkkx osQ ea=kh jktk VksMjey Hkh dkO;kuqjkxh FksA uhfr lacaèkh mins'kksa osQ vfrfjDr bUgksaus oqQN Nanksa
          esa vkRekfHkO;fDr Hkh dh gSA gq¡Mh] O;kikjh] vk<+fr;k] lkgwdkj] ljkZiQk vkSj cgh[kkrk&tSls fo"k;ksa ij Hkh
          bUgksaus nksgs fy[ks FksA



                                           LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY                                   125
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