Page 194 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

¯gnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

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uksV 6- osQ i| fo/ku ij f}osnh th dk iwjk&iwjk vlj iM+kA
(d) eSfFkyh cksyh ([k) laLÑr cksyh
(x) [kM+h cksyh (?k) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha

20-1-3 jk"Vªh;&lkaLÑfrd /kjk osQ izeq[k dfo
ek[kuyky prqosZnhμek[kuyky prqosZnh (1889&1968) dk tUe eè;izns'k osQ ftyk gks'kaxkckn osQ xk¡o
ckcbZ esa gqvk FkkA buosQ firk xk¡o osQ LowQy esa vè;kid Fks] blfy, budh vkjafHkd f'k{kk ogha gqbZA ;s ,d
ltx] laosnu'khy ,oa mRlkgh O;fDr Fks vkSj vkjaHk ls gh ns'k dh n'kk osQ izfr tkx:d FksA bu ij lS;n
vehj vyh ^ehj*] Lokeh jkerhFkZ vkSj ekèkojkt lizs dk fo'ks"k izHkko FkkA oS".ko&laLdkj rks bUgsa vius
ifjokj ls gh feys FksA vius thou dk vkjaHk bUgksaus ,d vè;kid osQ :i esa fd;k Fkk] ¯drq ;s i=kdkfjrk
osQ {ks=k esa Hkh dk;Z'khy jgs vkSj bUgksaus ^izHkk*] ^izrki* rFkk ^deZohj* dk laiknu fd;kA budk miuke ^,d
Hkkjrh; vkRek* Fkk vkjaHk esa ;s Økafr osQ n'kZu ls izHkkfor gq, Fks] ¯drq ckn esa budh vkLFkk xk¡èkhokn dh
vksj gqbZA budh jktuhfrd lfØ;rk osQ dkj.k bUgsa dbZ ckj canh cuk;k x;kA tsy osQ thou&dky esa bUgksaus
vusd dforkvksa dh jpuk dhA Nk;kokn&;qx osQ buosQ izeq[k dfork&laxzg gSaμ^fgefdjhfVuh* vkSj
^fgerjafxuh*A prqosZnh th dh jpukvksa esa ns'k osQ izfr xaHkhj izse vkSj ns'k&dY;k.k osQ fy, vkReksRlxZ dh
mRdV Hkkouk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA bl ekxZ ij pyusokys O;fDr dks rHkh liQyrk fey ldrh gS tc og thou
osQ lq[k vkSj oSHko dks Bqdjkdj la?k"kZ vkSj lkèkuk dk ekxZ viuk,A bUgksaus viuh jpukvksa }kjk ns'kokfl;ksa
dks blh la?k"kZ vkSj lkèkuk osQ ekxZ ij pyus dh izsj.kk nhA budh dbZ jpukvksa esaμfo'ks"kdj vkjafHkd jpukvksa
esa vkè;kfRed vuqHkwfr dks Hkh ok.kh feyh gSA budh vkè;kfRed Hkkouk ij fuxqZ.k HkfDr] lxq.k HkfDr vkSj
vkReksRlxZ dk izHkko gSA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIrμfl;kjke'kj.k xqIr (1895&1963) dk tUe mÙkj izns'k osQ ftyk >k¡lh osQ fpjxk¡o
uked xzke esa gqvk FkkA ;s eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr osQ NksVs HkkbZ FksA jksx ,oa ikfjokfjd nq[kksa osQ dkj.k budk thou
vR;ar nq%[ke; jgkA oSls ;s ljlrk ,oa uezrk dh izfrew£r FksA budh igyh jpuk lu~ 1910 esa ^banq* if=kdk
esa izdkf'kr gqbZ blosQ ckn ^ljLorh* esa dbZ jpuk,¡ NihaA ^ekS;Z fot;*] ^vukFk*] ^nwokZny*] ^fo"kkn*] ^vknzkZ*]
^ikFks;*] ^e`.eaFkh*] ^ckiw*] ^nSfudh* vkfn budh izfl¼ dkO;&Ñfr;k¡ gSaA xk¡èkhokn esa budh vVwV vkLFkk Fkh]
blfy, budh lHkh jpukvksa ij v¯glk] lR;] d#.kk] fo'ocaèkqRo] 'kk¡fr vkfn xk¡èkhoknh ewY;ksa dk xgjk
izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ftu jpukvksa esa bUgksaus izkphu Hkkjrh; vk[;kuksa dks vkèkkj cuk;k gS] ogk¡ Hkh ;s bUghsa
ewY;ksa dh izfr"Bk djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA fo"k;&izfriknu vkSj vfHkO;atuk&'kSyh dh n`f"V ls tgk¡ bu ij ,d
vksj f}osnh;qxhu jpuk&i¼fr dk izHkko yf{kr gksrk gS] ogk¡ nwljh vksj ;s Nk;koknh f'kYi ls Hkh izR;{kr%
izHkkfor gSaA budh Hkk"kk&'kSyh ljy vkSj Li"V gS rFkk bUgksaus cM+h liQyrk osQ lkFk eqDr Nan dk iz;ksx
fd;k gSA
ckyÑ".k 'kekZ ^uohu*μ^uohu* th (1897&1960) dk tUe Xokfy;j jkT; osQ Hk;kuk xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA
X;kjg o"kZ dh vk;q esa budh f'k{kk dk vkjaHk gqvkA lu~ 1917 esa gkbZ LowQy ikl djus osQ ckn ;s dkuiqj
igq¡ps] tgk x.ks'k'kadj fo|kFkhZ us bUgsa dkWyst esa nkf[ky djk fn;kA ¯drq lu~ 1920 esa ;s xk¡èkh th osQ vkàku
ij dkWyst NksM+dj jktuhfr esa lfØ; Hkkx ysus yxsA vius yacs jktuhfrd thou osQ nkSjku bUgsa dbZ ckj tsy
tkuk iM+kA ns'k osQ Lokèkhu gksus ij ;s igys yksdlHkk vkSj fiQj jkT;lHkk osQ lnL; jgsA oqQN le; rd
bUgksaus ^izHkk* vkSj ^izrki* dk Hkh laiknu fd;k FkkA budh jpuk,¡ lu~ 1918 ls gh if=kdkvksa esa izdkf'kr gksus
yxh Fkha] ysfdu bUgksaus mudks fofèkor~ izdkf'kr djkus dk dksbZ iz;kl ugha fd;kA ^oaqQoqQe* (1939) budk
igyk dfork&laxzg gSA ^m£eyk* dkO; dks bUgksaus lu~ 1934 esa gh iwjk dj fy;k Fkk] ¯drq mldk izdk'ku
1975 bZ- esa gqvkA blesa dfo us m£eyk osQ pfj=k osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh izkphu vk;Z laLÑfr osQ mTToy

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