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Hardeep Kaur, Lovely Professional University    bdkbZ 23 % ¯gnh miU;kl % fodkl osQ izeq[k pj.k] ¯gnh dgkuh dk fodkl





          bdkbZμ23 % ¯gnh miU;kl % fodkl osQ izeq[k pj.k] ¯gnh dgkuh dk fodkl                    uksV





             vuqØef.kdk (Contents)
             mís'; (Objectives)
             izLrkouk (Introduction)
             23-1  fganh miU;kl osQ fodkl osQ izeq[k pj.k
                   23-1-1  fganh miU;kl dk fodkl
                   23-1-2  fganh osQ izeq[k miU;kldkj
                   23-1-3 fganh dgkuh dk fodkl
                   23-1-4  fganh osQ izeq[k dgkuhdkj
             23-2  lkjka'k (Summary)
             23-3  'kCndks'k (Keywords)
             23-4  vH;kl&ç'u (Review Questions)

             23-5  lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)


          mís'; (Objectives)

          bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsμ
             l  fganh miU;kl osQ fodklØe dk vè;;u djus esaA
             l fganh osQ izeq[k miU;kldkjksa dks tkuus esaA
             l fganh dgkuh dk fodkl le>us esaA


          izLrkouk (Introduction)

          fganh miU;kl osQ fodkl dk Js; vaxzsth ,oa ckaXyk miU;klksa dks fn;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd fganh esa bl foèkk
          dk izkjaHk vaxszth ,oa ckaXyk miU;klksa dh yksdfiz;rk ls gqvkA fganh esa miU;kl dk vkjaHk Hkh vaxzsth ls
          vuwfnr miU;klksa ls ekuk tkrk gSA fganh miU;kl osQ fodklozQe dk vè;;u djus osQ fy, bls rhu pj.kksa
          esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn ^izsepan* dks fganh miU;kldksa esa osaQnzfcanq eku ysa rks ;s rhu pj.k fuEuor
          gSaμizsepan iwoZ fganh miU;kl] izsepan;qxhu fganh miU;kl vkSj izsepanksÙkj fganh miU;klA
          fganh dgkuh dk Ïksr iapra=k] fgrksins'k o tkrd dFkk vkfn esa <w¡<+us osQ iz;kl fd, x, gSa ysfdu bUgsa
          vk[;kfFkdk] xYi] vk[;ku o dFkk rks ekuk tk ldrk gS] bl vFkZ esa dgkuh ugha ftl vFkZ esa vkt dgkuh
          fy[kh tk jgh gSA fganh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=kk dks pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSμizsepan iwoZ
          ;qx] izsepanμizlkn ;qx] mÙkj izsepan ;qx] Lokra=;ksÙkj ;qxA

          23-1 ¯gnh miU;kl osQ fodkl osQ izeq[k pj.k


          23-1-1 ¯gnh miU;kl dk fodkl
          vkèkqfud dky esa fodflr x| foèkkvksa esa miU;kl dk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ¯gnh miU;kl osQ fodkl dk Js;
          vaxzsth ,oa caxyk miU;klksa dks fn;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd ¯gnh esa bl foèkk dk Jhx.ks'k vaxzsth ,oa caxyk


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