Page 244 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

¯gnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

uksV ;fn dkyØe dks n`f"Vxr j[kdj iszepanksÙkj miU;klksa dk oxhZdj.k djsa mls rhu dky[kaMksa esa foHkDr dj
ldrs gSaμ
1- 1936 ls 1950 rd osQ miU;kl
2- 1950 ls 1960 rd osQ miU;kl
3- 1960 osQ mijkar osQ miU;kl
euksfo'ys"k.koknh miU;kldkjksa esa tSusaæ] bykpaæ tks'kh ,oa vKs; dk mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gSA tSusaæ us
ij[k (1929 bZ-)] lquhrk (1935 bZ-)] vkSj R;kxi=k (1937 bZ-) osQ }kjk ¯gnh miU;kl dks ,d ubZ fn'kk
iznku dhA muosQ oqQN vU; miU;kl gSaμdY;k.kh (1939 bZ-)] lq[knk (1952 bZ-)] foorZ (1953 bZ-) vkSj
O;rhr (1953 bZ-)A bu miU;klksa esa fofHkUu ik=kksa osQ eu dh my>uksa] xqfRFk;ksa ,oa 'kadkvksa dk fu:i.k dFkk
osQ ekè;e ls fd;k x;k gSA R;kxi=k esa ^e`.kky* osQ vkReihM+u dh xkFkk dk euksoSKkfud fp=k.k gqvk gSA
lkFk gh vuesy fookg osQ nqq"ifj.kkeksa dk fp=k.k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ^lquhrk* esa izQk;M osQ fl¼karksa osQ vkyksd
esa gfj izlUu osQ O;ogkj dk fp=k.k gS rFkk ^dY;k.kh* ,d vr`Ir vkSj vkèkqfud ukjh dh dFkk gSA ^lq[knk*
,d oqaQBkxzLr ukjh dh dgkuh gSA tSusaæ th us vkèkqfud lekt esa ukjh dh fLFkfr dk ;FkkrF; fu:i.k djus
dk iz;kl vius miU;klksa esa fd;k gSA
bl ijaijk osQ nwljs miU;kldkj bykpaæ tks'kh us mPpdksfV osQ yxHkx ,d ntZu miU;klksa dh jpuk dh
gSA muosQ izeq[k miU;kl gSaμlaU;klh (1941 bZ-)] insZ dh jkuh (1941 bZ-)] iszr vkSj Nk;k (1945 bZ-)]
fuokZflr (1946 bZ-)] ftIlh (1952 bZ-) vkSj tgkt dk iaNh (1955 bZ-)A bu miU;klksa esa tks'kh th us
ekuo eu dh oqaQBkvksa ,oa xzfFk;ksa dk lqanj fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA ;|fi muosQ vfèkdka'k miU;klksa dh ewy
fo"k;oLrq isze ,oa jksekal gS rFkkfi mldk foospu euksfoKku osQ vkyksd esa fd;k x;k gSA
euksfo'ys"k.kijd miU;klksaa esa ^vKs;* }kjk jfpr 'ks[kj ,d thouh (1941 bZ-)] unh osQ }hi
(1951 bZ-) rFkk vius&vius vtuch dk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA vKs; esa euksfo'ys"k.k dh xgu {kerk osQ
lkFk&lkFk lw{e lkSan;Zcksèk dyk osQ izfr bZekunkj psruk fo|eku gSA ^'ks[kj ,d thouh* oS;fDrd
euksfoKku osQ vè;;u osQ {ks=k esa ,d egrh miyfCèk ekuh tk ldrh gSA
¯gnh osQ lkE;oknh miU;kl os gSa ftuesa ekDlZoknh fopkjèkkjk dk vkèkkj xzg.k djosQ dFkkud dk rkuk&ckuk
cquk x;k gSA ;'kiky] jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u] jkaxs; jk?ko] HkSjoizlkn xqIr vkSj ve`rjk; blh dksfV osQ
miU;kldkj gSaA ;'kiky us ikVhZ dkejsM (1945 bZ-)] nknk dkejsM (1941 bZ-)] ns'kæksgh (1943 bZ-)]
euq"; osQ :i (1949 bZ-)] vferk (1946 bZ-)] fnO;k (1945 bZ-) vkSj >wBk&lp (1957 bZ-) vkfn
miU;klksa esa vius ekDlZoknh fopkjksa dks vfHkO;fDr nh gSA >wBk&lp ns'k foHkktu dh =kklnh ij vkèkkfjr
,d ,slk miU;kl gS ftlesa rRdkyhu lkekftd] jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk liQyrkiwoZd fp=k.k gqvk gSA
buosQ vfrfjDr HkSjo izlkn xqIr us e'kky] lrh eS;k dk pkSjk vkfn miU;klksa esa ekDlZoknh psruk dk
fu:i.k fd;k gSA

bl ;qx osQ nks egÙoiw.kZ miU;kl ys[kd gSaμHkxorh pj.k oekZ vkSj ve`ryky ukxjA oekZ th osQ dbZ
miU;kl izfl¼ gq, gSa ;Fkkμfp=kys[kk (1934 bZ-)] Hkwys&fcljs fp=k] Vs<+s&es<+s jkLrs] lkeF;Z vkSj lhek
rFkk lc¯g upkor jke xkslkb±A bu miU;klksa esa ledkyhu jktuhfr ,oa lekt ls dFkkud fy, x, gSa rFkk
miU;kldkj us viuh iSuh n`f"V ls la;qDr ifjokj dh leL;k] 'kks"k.k] lR;kxzg] fey&ekfydksa dh nqjaxh uhfr]
iqfyl dh èkk¡èkyh vkfn dk lVhd fp=k.k fd;k gSA ^fp=kys[kk* esa iki&iq.; dh leL;k dks izLrqr fd;k
x;k gSA
ve`ryky ukxj us lsB ck¡osQey] ve`r vkSj fo"k] cw¡n vkSj leqæ] egkdky] 'krjat osQ eksgjs] lqgkx
osQ uwiqj] ekul dk gal vkfn vusd miU;klksa dh jpuk dh gSA ^cw¡n vkSj leqæ* mudk Js"Bre miU;kl
gS ftlesa Hkkjrh; lekt dh jhfr&uhfr] vkpkj&fopkj] thou n`f"V] e;kZnkvksa ,oa ekU;rkvksa dk fp=k.k
dFkkud osQ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA ^ekul dk gal* mudk ,d thouhijd miU;kl gS ftlesa xksLokeh rqylhnkl

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