Page 364 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

¯gnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

uksV vkn'kZokn dks Nk;koknh izxhrksa dh Vsd le>uk pkfg,A Nk;koknh Lokra=; osQ vkSj ihNs tkdj oekZ th ukjh
dks eè;oxhZ; vkn'kks± dh tathjksa esa ck¡èkus osQ i{kikrh gSaA ^,DVªsl* dh izHkkr oqQekjh] ^ijh{kk* dh
vYio;Ldk iRuh] ^18 tqykbZ dh 'kke* dh f'kf{krk m"kk] ^js'keh VkbZ* dh yfyrk vkfn ifr osQ lEeku rFkk
dfFkr~ Hkkjrh; vkn'kZ dh j{kk djrh fn[kk;h iM+rh gSaA uohu f'k{kk vkSj ifjos'k osQ dkj.k ukjh dk viuk
O;fDrRo curk&curk Hkh iqjkrurk osQ osQapqy dks u NksM+ ikus osQ dkj.k ugha cu ikrkA muosQ ,sfrgkfld
,dkafd;ksa esa Hkh R;kx] mnkjrk] {kek] cfynku] lsok vkfn dks LFkwy <ax ls mHkkjk x;k gSA bl vkn'kZokn ij
xkaèkhokn dk izHkko Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gS] foaQrq xkaèkh th dk vkn'kZ ftl jk"Vªh; lanHkZ dks lesVs gq, gS] mlls
oekZ th osQ ,dkadh vlai`Dr gSaA Li"V gS fd likV vkn'kZokfnrk dh Vsduhd Hkh likV gksxhA vkjaHk] oqQrwgy]
ladyu&=k;] pjeksRd"kZ vkfn dks oekZ th us vfr lkekU; (vksoj flaiyhiQkbM) <ax ls ifjx`ghr fd;k gSA
vkn'kZokn dk foLrkj vkSj likV fo'ys"k.k muosQ ,dkafd;ksa dh xRojrk] l?kurk] f{kizrk vkSj ukVdh;rk osQ
vkM+s vkrs gSaA ,dkadh ukVdksa osQ {ks=k esa oekZ th dk ,sfrgkfld egÙo gS] LFkk;h egÙo ughaA
mn;'kadj HkV~V us 1938 bZ- osQ yxHkx ,dkadh&ys[ku vkjaHk fd;k Fkk] ;ksa mudk izFke ,dkadh&laxzg
^vfHkuo ,dkadh* 1940 esa izdkf'kr gqvk FkkA ^L=kh dk ân;*] ^pkj ,dkadh*] ^leL;k dk var*] ^èkwef'k[kk*]
^vaèkdkj vkSj izdk'k*] ^vkfne ;qx*] ^insZ osQ ihNs*] ^vkt dk vkneh*] ^lkr izglu* vkfn muosQ vU;
,dkadh&ladyu gSaA HkV~V th us vius ,dkafd;ksa dks uothou dh Toyar leL;kvksa ls tksM+us dh dksf'k'k
dh gSA mudh n`f"V esa ukVdksa esa jl&lapkj osQ vfrfjDr fdlh lqfuf'pr lkekftd mís'; dk jguk cgqr
vko';d gS mPp vkSj eè;oxZ dh foMacukvksa ij xgjh pksV djuk mudh fo'ks"krk gSA ^usrk*] ^mUuhl vkSj
iSarhl*] ^oj fuokZpu* vkfn ,dkafd;ksa esa eè;oxZ osQ udyh psgjs dks mrkj isaQdus esa mUgksaus cM+s dkS'ky ls
dke fy;k gSA ^usrk* esa usr`oxZ dh ij&mins'k&oqQ'kyrk] ^mUuhl vkSj iSarhl* esa vkt dh f'k{kk&i¼fr osQ
[kks[kysiu vkSj ^cM+s vkneh dh e`R;q* esa rFkkdfFkr cM+s yksxksa dh ân;ghurk] dBksjrk rFkk vekuoh;rk dks
m?kkM+k x;k gSA ^insZ osQ ihNs* vfèkdka'k ,dkafd;ksa dh fo"k;oLrq ;g gS fd Lora=krk&izkfIr osQ i'pkr~ Hkh
yksx ik'pkR; lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr ls fpiosQ gq, gSa vkSj Hkkjrh; ewY;ksa osQ izfr mudh vukLFkk cuh gqbZ gSA
bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd HkV~V th lkaLo`Qfrd iqu#RFkkuokn esa fo'okl j[krs gSa] oLrqr% mudh vkLFkk
u;s&iqjkus ewY;ksa osQ larqyu esa gSA ^vkfne ;qx*] ^izFke fookg*] ^oSoLor euq* vkfn muosQ ikSjkf.kd ,dkadh
gSaA bu ,dkafd;ksa dks mUgksaus lkaLo`Qfrd fp=k.k ekuk gS] ij ^fp=k.k* ij tksj nsus osQ iQyLo:i buesa ukVdh;
ra=k detksj gks x;k gSA
¯gnh&,dkadhdkjksa esa misanzukFk v'd dk fof'k"V LFkku gSA ^nsorkvksa dh Nk;k esa*] ^pjokgs*] ^iDdk xkuk*]
^inkZ mBkvks inkZ fxjkvks*] ^vaèkh xyh*] ^lkgc dks tqdke gS*] ^iPphl Js"B ,dkadh* vkfn muosQ
,dkadh&laxzg gSaA v'd us vius ,dkafd;ksa dh fo"k;oLrq dk pquko thou osQ vusd {ks=kksa ls fd;k gS] ¯drq
mudk eq[; {ks=k ikfjokfjd thou gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, ^y{eh dk Lokxr*] ^ikih* vkSj ^lw[kh Mkyh* 'kh"kZd
,dkafd;ksa dks fy;k tk ldrk gSA igys nks ,dkadh rks lkekU; gSa] ij ^lw[kh Mkyh* esa vkt dh dkSVqafcd
iz.kkyh dks u, n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk x;k gSA ^oLrq* dks ukVdh; cukus vkSj rukoksa dk l`tu djus eas
'kSyh&foU;kl vkSj eaph; fo'ks"krkvksa us iwjk ;ksx fn;k gSA ¯drq ftu ,dkafd;ksa esa mudh izo`fÙk jksekuh
Hkkoqdrk vkSj LFkwy lekèkku izLrqr djus dh vksj jgh gS] ogk¡ os izk;% yM+[kM+k x, gSaA v'd us ^tkasd*]
^vkil dk le>kSrk*] ^fookg osQ fnu* vkfn oqQN izglu Hkh fy[ks gSaA muosQ izglu fnypLi gSa] ij O;aX;
dh {kerk dk buesa vHkko gSA ^fookg osQ fnu* dks mUgksaus O;aX; dh laKk nh gS] ij blesa fonw"kdRo dh
izeq[krk gSA vfHkus;rk osQ izfr v'd dkIkQh ltx jgs gSa] ij yacs jax&funsZ'k vfHkus;rk esa dnkfpr~ gh dksbZ
+
;ksx nsrs gksaA dFkksidFku dh lknxh] Li"Vrk vkSj lkIkQxksbZ mudh futh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA ,espj jaxeap ij muosQ
,dkadh liQyrkiwoZd vfHkuhr gks pqosQ gSaA
lsB xksfoannkl deZB jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ vkSj ljLorh osQ vkjkèkd FksA ^lIrjf'e*] ^,dkn'kh*] ^iapHkwr*]
^prq"iFk* vkfn muosQ ,dkadh&laxzg gSaA ;ksa mUgksaus oqQN ,sfrgkfld ,dkafd;ksa dh Hkh jpuk dh gS] ¯drq muosQ

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