Page 365 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

bdkbZ 30 % Lokra=;ksÙkj x|&lkfgR; dk fodkl

,dkadh eq[;r% jktuhfrd&lkekftd gSaA ij ;s ,dkadh ukVdh; fLFkfr;ksa] rukoksa] eksM+ksa vkfn ls lai`Dr ugha uksV
gks ik, gSaA gfjÑ".k ^izseh* osQ ,dkadh&ladyu gSaμ^ekr` eafnj*] ^jk"Vª eafnj*] ^eku eafnj*] ^U;k; eafnj*]
^ok.kh eafnj* vkfnA ¯drq bu ^eafnjksa* esa tks ew£r;k¡ LFkkfir dh xbZ gSa muesa izk.k&izfr"Bk ugha dh tk ldh
gSA txnh'k paæ ekFkqj osQ nks ,dkadh&laxzgksaμ^Hkksj dk rkjk* vkSj ^vks esjs lius* esa thou dh uohu
leL;kvksa dks :ikf;r fd;k x;k gSA iqjkus [kses osQ ,dkadhdkjksa esa y{ehukj;.k feJ (v'kksd ou] 1950)]
xks¯onoYyHk iar (fo"koQU;k] 1959) vkSj Hkxorhpj.k oekZ us Hkh oqQN izHkko'kkyh ,dkafd;ksa dh jpuk
dh gSA

VkLd ,dkadh ukVd ij ,d laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

bèkj osQ ,dkadhdkjksa esa fo".kq izHkkdj us vkn'kZokn] lkaLÑfrd psruk] uSfrd ewY;ksa vkSj euksfoKku dks n`f"V
esa j[kdj lkekftd ,dkafd;ksa dh jpuk dh gSA muosQ ,dkadh&laxzg gSaμizdk'k vkSj ijNkb±] balku] ckjg
,dkadh] D;k og nks"kh Fkk] nl cts jkr] m¡Qpk ioZr xgjk lkxj rFkk ;s js[kk,¡ ;s nk;jsA y{ehukjk;.k yky]
èkeZohj Hkkjrh (unh I;klh Fkh)] eksgu jkosQ'k (vaMs osQ fNyosQ)] HkkjrHkw"k.k vxzoky] fouksn jLrksxh] foeyk
ywFkjk] jsorhlju 'kekZ] izHkkdj ekpos] fxfjtkoqQekj ekFkqj (mej O+kSQn)] fpjathr] fl¼ukFk oqQekj vkfn us
,dkafd;ksa vkSj jsfM;ks&,dkafd;ksa dh jpuk dh gSA buesa ls y{ehukjk;.k yky gh ,sls O;fDr gSa ftUgksaus bl
foèkk dks xaHkhjrkiwoZd fy;k gSA muosQ ,dkadh&laxzg gSaμrktegy osQ vk¡lw] ioZr osQ ihNs] ukVd cgqjaxh vkSj
nwljk njok”kkA lkekftd thou dh ;FkkFkZ vfHkO;fDr] leL;kvksa dk lw{e lekèkku vkSj jaxeaph; lkFkZdrk
muosQ ,dkadh ukVdksa dh lgt miyfCèk;k¡ gSaA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

cgqfodYih; ç'uμ
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1- vkyksP; dky esa jax&eap vkSj thou osQ ;FkkFkZ ls tqM+dj u;h fn'kk dh vksj mUeq[k
gqvkA

2- Nk;koknh Lokra=; osQ vkSj ihNs tkdj oekZ th ukjh dks eè;oxhZ; vkn'kksZ dh tathjksa esa ck¡/us osQ
--------------------------
gSaA
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3- HkV~V th us vius dks uothou dh Toyar leL;kvksa ls tksM+us dh dksf'k'k dh gSA

30-1-3 miU;kl

izsepan osQ mijkar ¯gnh&miU;kl dbZ eksM+ksa ls xq”kjrk gqvk fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS] ftUgsa LFkwy :i ls rhu n'kdksa
esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSμ1950 bZ- rd osQ miU;kl] 1950 ls 1960 rd osQ miU;kl vkSj lkBksÙkjh miU;klA
igyk n'kd eq[;r% Úk;M vkSj ekDlZ dh fopkjèkkjk ls izHkkfor gS] nwljk iz;ksxkRed fo'ks"krkvksa ls vkSj
rhljk] vkèkqfudrkoknh fopkjèkkjk lsA igys n'kd esa izQk;M ls izHkkfor gksdj ftl dFkk&lkfgR; dh jpuk
dh xbZ] mldh i`"BHkwfe tSusanz igys gh izLrqr dj pqosQ FksA tgk¡ izsepan us lekt osQ lkFk O;fDr osQ ,dhÑr
(,MtLV) gksus osQ iz'u dks vfèkd egRo fn;k] ogk¡ tSusanz us O;fDr dh xqe gksrh gqbZ igpku dks mHkkjdj
lkeus j[kkA muosQ miU;klksa esa vuesy fookg ;k ngst&izFkk tSlh leL;k,¡ ugha gSa] cfYd fookg Lo;a esa ,d
leL;k gS_ D;ksafd lkjh vfuf'prrk,¡ mlosQ ckn vkjaHk gksrh gSaA ¯drq ftl eqfDr dh leL;k ij mUgksaus cy
fn;k] mlosQ vkM+s vkrs gSa :<+ laLdkj_ vkSj bl izdkj tSusanz dk izR;sd miU;kl var£ojksèkksa dk miU;kl cu
x;k gSA vkyksP; ;qx esa izdkf'kr muosQ miU;klksaμdY;k.kh] lq[knk] foorZ] O;rhr] t;oèkZu vkfnμesa ;g

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