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bdkbZµ22% ^vkidk caVh* osQ ik=kksa dk pfj=k&fp=k.k



          vkReihM+u dks cjkcj >syrk jgrk gSA blhfy, eEeh osQ yk[k le>kus ij Hkh og MkWDVj tks'kh dks ^ikik* dgus  uksV
          osQ fy, lger ugha gksrkA og ^ikik* osQ :i esa vt; dks gh ns[krk gSA Bhd blh izdkj vt; Hkh tc mlosQ
          lkeus ehjk dks eEeh dgus dk izLrko j[krk gS rks mls Lohdkj ugha dj ikrk] D;ksafd eEeh osQ :i esa og osQoy
          'koqQu dks ns[krk&ekurk gSA
          caVh dk laiw.kZ O;fDrRo mis{kkvksa ls Hkjk gSA blfy, mldk thou vlkekU;&lk cu tkrk gSA ?kj esa rks mldh
          eEeh mls csgn I;kj djrh gS ¯drq dkWyst esa igq¡pus ij og osQoy ¯izfliy jg tkrh gSµeEeh ughaA ^blfy,
          mlus dkWyst tkuk NksM+ fn;kA ?kj esa pkgs og vosQyk jg ys] ij ogk¡ ugha tkrkA ogk¡ fdlosQ ikl tk,\ eEeh
          rks ogk¡ jgrh ugha] jgrh gS cl ,d ¯izfliy] ftlosQ pkjksa vksj cgqr lkjs dke] cgqr lkjs yksx jgrs gSaA ugha
          jgrk gS rks osQoy caVhA*

          Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)

          fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks) :
                                   ---------------
            1- caVh ,d ltx ,oa vR;ar       ckyd gSA
                                                   ---------------
            2- Hk; dh izo`fÙk eè;eoxhZ; ifjokj osQ ckydksa esa    vfèkd ikbZ tkrh gSA
                                     ---------------
            3- 'koqQu viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh    ls ,dne Åc tkrh gSA
          caVh ,d ,slk ik=k gS] tks vius laioZQ esa vkus okyh gj oLrq] ubZ ckr vkSj ubZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lacaèk esa ftKklk
          Hkko j[krk gSA tc dHkh iwQiQh mls dksbZ dgkuh dgdj lqukrh gS rks dHkh og roZQ djrk gS vkSj dHkh mlls
          izHkkfor gksrk gSA dHkh rks og ^Mk;u* osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh gkfly djuk pkgrk gS vkSj dHkh ioZrksa osQ Hkhrj
          ;k mlosQ nwljs Nksj ij riL;k djus okys lkèkq&lU;klh osQ fo"k; esa dYiuk djrs&djrs [kks tkrk gSA dHkh rks
          nwljksa ls lqudj og ^rykd* dk vFkZ le>us dh dksf'k'k djrk gS vkSj dHkh vius firk osQ ckjs esa viuh rhoz
          ftKklk O;Dr djrk gSA vius firk osQ }kjk tc og dydÙkk dk o.kZu lqurk gS rks vius lgt&LokHkkfod :i
          esa mlosQ ckjs esa dYiuk djus yxrk gSA tc mldh eEeh MkWDVj tks'kh osQ laioZQ esa vkus yxrh gS] rc caVh
          MkWDVj tks'kh dks iwjh rjg le>us dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA MkWDVj vkSj eEeh osQ fØ;k&O;kikj dks og cM+s xkSj ls
          ns[krk gS vkSj mlosQ vFkZ dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA og izkjaHk ls gh ltx vkSj ftKklq gSµ¶eEeh tc
          Hkh dkWyst tkus osQ fy, rS;kj gksrh gS] caVh cM+s dkSrqgy ls ns[krk gSA tku rks og vkt rd ugha ik;k] ij mls
          ges'kk yxrk gS fd Msª¯lx Vscy dh bu jax&fcjaxh 'khf'k;ksa esa t:j dksbZ tknw gS fd eEeh bu lcdks yxkus osQ
          ckn ,dne cny tkrh gSA de ls de caVh dks ,slk gh yxrk gS fd mldh eEeh vc mldh ugha jgh] dksbZ
          vkSj gh gks xbZA¸
          Bhd mlh izdkj] tc dHkh VhVw mlosQ firk osQ fo"k; esa ckrsa djrk gS rks mldk dksey eu vkgr gks mBrk
          gSµ¶D;ksa js caVh] rsjk eu ugha gksrk fd ikik rsjs lkFk jgsa\ tc ;gk¡ vkrs gSa rks rw dgrk D;ksa ugha\ ij vc 'kk;n
          jg ugha ldrsA¸
          ¶rsjs eEeh&ikik esa rykd tks gks x;k gSA¸
          u pkgrs gq, Hkh caVh iwN cSBrk gS] ¶rykd\ rykd D;k gksrk gS\¸

          ¶rw ugha tkurk\ cq¼w dgha dkA eEeh&ikik dh tks yM+kbZ gksrh gS u mls rykd dgrs gSaA¸
          ¶rq>s oSQls ekywe\¸
          ¶esjh vEek crk jgh Fkh] ikik crk jgs FksA¸
          caVh rc Hkhrj gh Hkhrj dgha viekfur gks x;kA

          bl ckr dks tkuus osQ ckn caVh osQ Hkhrj ,d izdkj dh vkx lqyxus yxrh gSA og lkspus yxrk gS] ¶ij eEeh
          dks rks ,slk ugha djuk pkfg, u\ eEeh mls ikik dh ckr crkrh D;ksa ugha gS\ fdruh gh ckj mlus eEeh ls



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