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dFkk lkfgR; ,oa fucaèk
miU;kl osQ 'kh"kZd osQ okP;kFkZ ls Hkh ;gh izrhfr gksrh gS fd caVh bl miU;kl dk uk;d gS] ftlosQ ekè;e
uksV
ls miU;kl&ysf[kdk us lkekftd folaxfr;ksa dks js[kkafdr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa lR; vFkok vlR; dh igpku djsa
(State Whether the following statements are True or False) :
4- caVh dk laiw.kZ O;fDrRo mis{kkvksa ls Hkjk gSA
5- odhy pkpk osQ le>kus ij Hkh 'koqQu rykd osQ dkxt ij lkbZu ugha djrh gSA
6- 'koqQu dk ifr vt; eqacbZ esa jgrk gSA
22-3 'koqQu dk pfj=k&fp=k.k
fdlh Hkh miU;kl dh ukf;dk osQ fy, fuEukafdr 'krs± ekuh xbZ gSaµ
1- ukf;dk miU;kl esa o£.kr leLr ukjh&ik=kksa esa fof'k"V ukjh&ik=k gksrh gSA
2- mldh mifLFkfr miU;kl esa vk|kar (vkfn ls var rd) cuh jgrh gSA
3- ukf;dk dk miU;kl osQ dFkkud ij yxHkx oSlk gh vfèkdkj gksrk gS] tSlk fd uk;d dkA
4- ukf;dk dk lacaèk miU;kl dh vkfèkdkfjd dFkk osQ lkFk gh lkFk izklafxd dFkk osQ lkFk Hkh fdlh u
fdlh :i esa vo'; gksrk gSA
5- ukf;dk dk O;fDrRo bruk l'kDr gksrk gS fd miU;kl dk vfLrRo mlosQ vHkko esa lansgkLin cu tkrk
gSA vFkkZr~ miU;kl ls mDr ik=k dks vxj fu"dkflr dj nsa rks miU;kl dh dFkkoLrq ,d dne Hkh vkxs
ugha c<+ ldrhA
ukf;dk dh igpku osQ bu y{k.kksa dks ^vkidk caVh* miU;kl osQ lanHkZ esa ns[krs vkSj mu ij fopkj djrs gSa rks
leLr ukjh ik=kksa esa osQoy ,d ^'koqQu* gh ,slh gS] ftlesa ukf;dk gksus dh lkeF;Z fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA D;ksafdµ
1- bl miU;kl eas ftrus Hkh ukjh&ik=k gSa] muesa 'koqQu lcls fof'k"V gSA mldh fof'k"Vrk xq.k] :i] cqf¼
lHkh n`f"V;ksa ls yf{kr gksrh gSA og u osQOky i<+h&fy[kh ;qorh] cfYd dkWyst dh ,d ¯izfliy gSA og
cqf¼thoh gS vkSj lekt esa mldh izfr"Bk vkSj èkkd gSA miU;kl esa ,d Hkh ,slh ukjh ugha] tks fdlh
Hkh n`f"V ls 'koqQu dk eqdkcyk dj losQA blls mldh fof'k"Vrk fu£ookn gSA
2- ^vkidk caVh* miU;kl esa ,dek=k 'koqQu gh ,slk ik=k gS] tks bl miU;kl dh dFkk&oLrq esa vk|ar
fo|eku jgrh gSA ysf[kdk us bl miU;kl esa vkfn ls var rd 'koqQu dh ;kruk dks fpf=kr djus dk
miØe fd;k gSA blfy, mldk yxko laiw.kZ dFkkoLrq osQ lkFk gSA bl n`f"V ls 'koqQu gh bl miU;kl
dh ukf;dk Bgjrh gSA
3- 'koqQu dh ukf;dk gksus dk lcls cM+k izek.k ;g gS fd miU;kl dh eq[; dFkk osQ lkFk rks og tqM+h
gS gh] izklafxd dFkkvksa esa Hkh izR;{k vkSj ijks{k nksuksa :iksa esa og lac¼ gSA 'koqQu vkSj MkWDVj tks'kh dk
izlax ,slk gS] ftlesa og lkiQ&lkiQ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA odhy pkpk] vt; vkfn osQ izlax ls Hkh mls eqfDr
ugha feyrhA blfy, leLr ukjh&ik=kksa esa mldh egÙkk lokZfèkd gSA bl n`f"V ls Hkh yxrk gS fd 'koqQu
gh bl miU;kl dh ukf;dk gSA
4- 'koqQu ,d ,slh ukjh gS] tks bl miU;kl ij iwjh rjg gkoh gSA okLro esa] mldh gh dFkk og vkèkkj
vkSj fHkfÙk gS] ftl ij laiw.kZ miU;kl vkèkkfjr vkSj fLFkr gSA vxj bl miU;kl osQ ?kVuk&o`Ùk ls 'koqQu
dks vyx fudky nsa rks 'ks"k ^'kwU;* gh cp ik,xkA dFkkoLrq osQ lkFk 'koqQu dh lk>snkjh bruh vfèkd
gS fd mlosQ vHkko esa miU;kl [kM+k gks gh ugha ldrkA bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k ;gh gS fd ogh bldk
es#naM gSA bl n`f"V ls Hkh ekuuk gksxk fd 'koqQu gh ukf;dk gSA
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