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bdkbZµ7 % ,dkadh] vkRedFkk] thou&ifjp;] fo'ks"krk,¡ ,oa rÙo

2- pfj=kµthouh&ys[kd }kjk fy[ks tkus okys fo"k; ij pfj=k&uk;d osQoy ogh O;fDr gksrk gSA ftlus ns'k] uksV
tkfr ;k bfrgkl dh n`f"V ls egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k gksA
3- ns'kdkyµns'k&dky dk thouh esa cM+k egÙo gksrk gSA thouh esa ns'k&dky dk izR;{k fp=k.k ugha gksrkA
tc ys[kd uk;d ls lacafèkr ?kVukvksa dk mYys[k djrk gS rc ns'k&dky vFkok okrkoj.k Lor% gh mHkjdj
lkeus vk tkrk gSA

4- Hkk"kk&'kSyhµthouh dh Hkk"kk&'kSyh ?kVukvksa osQ p;u] fo'ys"k.k vkSj mlosQ izzLrqrhdj.k osQ vkèkkj ij gksuh
pkfg,A blosQ lkFk gh thouh esa fujis{krk dk Hkko Hkh gksuk vko';d gS_ D;ksafd lkisf{krk esa rks vaèk&HkfDr
dh izèkkurk gksrh gSA thouh dh Hkk"kk larqfyr] lân;rkiw.kZ rFkk 'kSyh lgt] ljy] Hkkoiw.kZ rFkk fpaÙkkd"kZd gksuh
pkfg,A

thouh dh fo'ks"krk,¡µMkW- Hkxoku~ 'kj.k Hkkj}kt us thouh dh vèkksfyf[kr lkr fo'ks"krkvksa dk funsZ'k fd;k gSµ
1- ,sfrgkfld lR;rkµthouh dks bfrgkl dh n`f"V ls lR; gksuk pkfg,] ugha rks mls izkekf.kd ugha ekuk
tk,xkA
2- rVLFkrkµthouh&ys[kd dks rVLFk jguk vko';d gksrk gS] D;ksafd ys[kd ;fn rVLFk ugha jgsxk rks lgh
rF; lkeus ugha vk losaQxsA fiQj thouh ^thouh* u jgdj Lrqfr&xzaFk cu tk,xhA

3- oSKkfudrkµthouh&ys[kd dks pkfg, fd lkexzh dk p;u vkSj mldk fo'ys"k.k oSKkfud vkèkkj ij
djsA
4- euksn'kk dk fo'ys"k.kµthouh esa uk;d dh euksn'kk dk Hkh o.kZu gksuk pkfg, vkSj ;g rHkh laHko gS
tc ys[kd bruk lkeF;Zoku gks fd og uk;d dh eu% fLFkfr dk lexzn`f"V ls fo'ys"k.k dj losQA

5- lkfgfR;drkµthouh esa lkfgfR;drk Hkh gksuh pkfg,] D;ksafd thouh ,d lkfgfR;d foèkk gSA
6- ekuoh;rkµthouh esa vko';d ekuoh;rk dk iqV gksuk vfr vko';d gSA
7- ns'kdkyµns'kdky dk fu:i.k Hkh thouh esa gksuk visf{kr gSA

fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa lR; vFkok vlR; dh igpku djsa
(State whether the following statements are True or False) :
7- ^thouh* dks vaxzsth esa ck;ksxzkiQh dgk tkrk gSA

8- ^thouh* dk vk'k; gSµthou pfjrA
9- ^thouh* fcuk izkekf.kd rF;ksa osQ Hkh fy[kh tk ldrh gSA
10- ^thouh* esa lkfgfR;drk Hkh gksuh pkfg, D;ksafd ;q¼ ,d lkfgfR;d foèkk gSA

7-4 lkjka'k (Summary)

egkdfo Hkkl dk ^m#Hkax* vkSj uhyoaQB dk ^dY;k.k lkSxafèkd* ,dkadh osQ vkfn :i gSaA
¯gnh esa vkèkqfud ,dkadh vaxzsth ,dkafd;ksa ls nks n'kd ckn fy[kk tkus yxkA lkekU;r% t;'kadj izlkn
dk ^,d ?kw¡V* (1999) ¯gnh dk izFke ,dkadh Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gSA
ukVd vkSj ,dkadh nksuksa dk lacaèk jaxeap ls gSA fiQj Hkh nksuksa dh lajpuk esa dkIkQh varj gSA
+
dgkuh&miU;kl esa tks lajpukRed varj fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS] cgqr oqQN oSlk gh varj ,dkadh vkSj ukVd esa
ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
,dkadh Toyar ewY;ksa ls tqM+k jgrk gSA blosQ vHkko esa mldh izHkkokfUofr esa deh vk tk,xhA

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