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bdkbZµ26% rduhdh fo"k; lkexzh dk vuqoknµ vko';drk ,oa leL;k,¡



             ,  (Long)                              u                 na                              uksV
             ,s                 ae/ai               i                 pa

             vks  (Short)       o                   iQ                pha
             vks  (long)        o                   I+kQ              fa
             vkS                ao/au               c                 ba

             d                  ka                  Hk                bha
             O+kQ               qa                  e                 ma
             [k                 kha                 ;                 ya

             [+k                k+ha                j                 ra
             x                  ga                  y                 la
             x+                 ga                  o                 va

             ?k                 gha                 'k                sha
             Ä                  ña                  "k                sa
             p                  ca                  l                 sa

             N                  cha                 g                 ha
             t                  ja                  {k                ksa
             t+                 ja                  =k                tra

  e          >                  jha                 K                 jña
             ×k                 Ña                  folxZ (%)         h
             V                  ta                  vuqLokj (a)       m+
             B                  tha                 vuqukfld ( ¡ )    n +

             M                  da                  -----------------
             Note: (1) A dash (—) over vowel is used to indicate long vowel.
             (2) A dash (—) below a consonant is used to symbolise the retreflex consonant except in the case
             of h, where it indicates visarga (viooceless aspieation.)
             (2) A dot (.) below a consonant is used to indicate friction except in d—and dha where it
             indicates Uvuler constant.
            rduhdh vuqokn osQ fy, fujarj vH;kl t:jh gS lkFk gh Hkk"kk dk vPNk Kku gksus ds lkFk&lkFk fo"k; dk
            Kku ,oa izpfyr eqgkojsnkj vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks Hkh è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A
            rduhdh 'kCnksa dk vuqokn vizpfyr 'kCnksa dk dfBu 'kCnksa esa u djsa cfYd fyI;arj.k dks viuk,¡A

            fyI;arj.k vuqokn dh cksf>yrk dks de djus dk lqxe mik; gSA

            26-2 lkjka'k

            rduhdh vuqokn esa Hkh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dk gh mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] oLrqr% rduhdh vuqokn dks lw{erk
            ls ns[ksa rks ;g lkfgfR;d ,oa i=kdkfjrk osQ vuqokn dks NksM+dj leLr izo`Qfr ds vuqokn ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k
            tk ldrk gS D;ksafd izR;sd rduhdh ;k izkS|ksfxdh eas Hkh foKku gksrk gS ;gk¡ rd fd vfHk;kaf=kdh (bathfu;fjax)


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