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Unit-9: Origin of Capitalism, Theories of Capitalistic Development Surplus Value and Process of Capitalism

came by ending the feudalistic production determiners, so well capitalism end by its own inner notes
contradictions. The law of production determiners is applied similarly. The death of capitalism is
predestined with its very development. With the establishment of capitalism, its production capacity
also increases rapidly. Now machines are the main means of production. Now steam and electricity
and other such natural forces were being used as energy sources. Big factories mills, coal mines came
into being.

Notes Marx and Engels had declared in the manifesto of the communist party that in the
beginning of its existence, capitalism put in maximum effort for the development
of production capabilities, means and powers, that have never been done before
in the history of any capitalist age.

This quick growth of production power capability happened because of capitalist related production.
These production means are based on the ownership of production means by the bourgeois class,
and the exploitation of helpless landless labourer, who is forced to sell his labour as he is deprived
of the ownership of any means of production. The capitalist retains for himself the extra cost (that is
the cost that the worker creates besides the cost of his labour).

What is capitalism?

Marx in his great book ‘Capital’ has defined in detail the system of capitalist production. He has
discovered the fact that the factors responsible for surplus Value are the voracious greed of the
capitalists, the expansion of production and development of industrialization, extreme exploitation
of workers, anarchic productivity, expanding competition between the capitalists, the depth
of contradictions in capitalism, and the inclusion of the great destruction of social and natural
resources.
Marx has argued that capitalist related infrastructure creates a super–structure. Because of these
relationship, changes took place in the political power order–hierarchy of the exploitative class.
The right to vote was given with the political freedom of citizens and equality before the law was
declared with this grew the struggle of the working class and the reaction of the bourgeois was to use
ever expanding force and strength, especially of the army in home, and foreign affairs as regulatory
methods of state craft.
In a capitalist system, the bourgeois society puts in its utmost effort to protect and preserve its
position of power and suppresses the exploited masses. This state of affairs strengthens the ideologies
of the working–classes. If we are to give a simple definition of capitalism, we can say that its basic
foundation is capital. This different forms of capital are raw materials–means for production,
machines, warehouses filled with raw–materials etc. The other speciality of capital is that through
its means–medium labour can be bought in the market. Whoever has capital, wishes to earn more
capital through various ways–methods profit is a part of capitalism, but it can also bring bankruptcy.
As a whole fundamental theory of capitalism is profit. In the earlier capitalist system, there was some
kind of profit, but in the capitalist economy, in comparison to earlier economic systems, there are
more chances of profit.

origin of capitalism

The origin and beginning of capitalism lie in the feudal stage of society. The tax rent taken from
peasants in feudalistic socities make the feudal lords into capitalists. In feudalistic system existed big

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