Page 92 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_ENGLISH

Sociological Thought

notes his Doctorate degree.Durkheim has briefly discussed division of labour in this text also described
the problems related with the division of labor and many new concepts. Since this text is the first
composition of Durkheim, so in this text the scattering of thoughts and presentation at different-
different places remains different.

Notes Raymond Aaron told the central problem of division of labour the complete
sociological thought through Durkheim. This is the problem of relations between
person and society.

The composition of Durkheim ‘Division of labor in society’ is divided into three parts in which different
facts related to division of labor are discussed. These three divisions are :
1. the functions of Division of Labour – Under this Durkheim has considered division of
labour as the basis for Social Solidarity and for its legal study he described pattern of law,
pattern of solidarity, pattern of human relations, crime, punishment, social evolution, and
many other problems and concepts.
2. causes and conditions – Under this section Durkheim described causes and results of
division of labor.
3. abnormal forms of Division of Labour- Under this section some Abnormal Forms of
Division of Labour are described. Complete book is divided into fourteen sections, but the
subject-matter of sections are not completely related with their titles. Here we will discuss
on the basis of this text thoughts of Durkheim on division of labor.

function of division of labour
As a functional sociologist Durkheim first described the function of division of labour. According
to Durkheim, division of labour is a type of social fact, therefore this text begins with the functional
analysis of division of labour. Firstly he described the meaning of function. He told two meaning
of function – (1) meaning of function is related to speed system i.e. action and (2) need completed
through action. Durkheim used the work fuction in other sense. With the function of division of labour
he mean fulfillment of need. He does not take the meaning of function in sense of result or influence
but taken it in the sense of role.The need of any body or its body parts cannot be fulfilled under the
defieciency of function.
Durkheim considers society a moral reality. No society can run for long time under the deficiency
of moral system, therefore the function of any society fact should be moral. According to Durkheim
behaviour of morality are those rules that compulsory applies to human behaviour and sanction of
group is attached with them. In this way the fact of morality is related to human behaviour and the
nature of division of labour is also moral, therefore the function of division of labour naturally is to
create moral work in society.
Commonly it is believed that the function of division of labour is to develop culture, since with the
growth of division of labour there is a an increase in specializations and manufacturing power, mental
and physical growth, there is an enjoyment and proliferation of knowledge, therefore civilization
increases in the society. This is the reason that many intelligent believe division of labour as a source
of civilization. But Durkheim believes that that the function of division of labour is not to develop
civilization because source does not mean with the function. Increase in enjoyment and mental
—physical growth develops as a result of division of labour, therefore they are their results not types
and function will not be result.

86 LoVeLY professionaL uniVersitY