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Unit-15: Division of Labour in Society–Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

Durkheim included three types of developments in the development of civilization – Industrial or notes
Financial, Artistic and scientific development.
1. industrial or financial Development – It is consider the main specialty of civilization, but we
know that place where large business are established, there in spite of moral progress crime and
suicides are more prevalent. Rail, motor, car etc. machines are quiet useful to us, but there is no
moral foundation with them. Durkheim believes that industrial activities fulfill needs only but not
fundamental needs.
2. artistic Development - Artistic Development is also not related with moral development. Durkheim
believes arts as Luxurious and aimless labour. In artwork there may be the expression of moral
incidents, but art itself is not moral fact.Durkheim considers uncontrolled affective attitude and
agitated development a moral crisis in the name of art.
3. Scientific Development – Among facts of civilization Durkheim considers only science such aspect
which has some fact of morality because in society increase in knowledge and brain through members
and to know scientific truth is believed to be a duty. This way Durkheim does not considers relation
of three types of developments in the development of moral side. In this context Durkheim wrote,
‘Morality is the least indispensable, very important, is daily food, without which society cannot
survive’.
function of Division of labor is the construction of new groups and their solidarity – Durkheim
believes that the Function of Division of labour is to fulfill any morality related with the existence of
society. When there is an increase in the number of members of society and their personal relations
then there is an increase in the division of labour in the society. New business and social group arises.
To develop solidarity between these groups is necessary for the existence of society. Under the crisis
of solidarity management and balance would not be established in the society. Therefore need of
solidarity between different groups is a moral need and the work of division of labor is to fulfill this
need.When there is a change in society, the direction and need of life changes then creation of new
groups is also a social need and its solidarity is indispensable for society. According to Durkheim
both these works can be completed by division of labor.Durkheim gave several examples on how
division of labor creates solidarity, we not only keep friendship with people which are similar to us
but also with those who are dissimilar to us since the thing we feel deficient in us we search fulfillment
of that in our friends. Durkheim writes,”No matter how many qualities we have but wehave some
deficiency and the superior of all also feels some deficiency.This is the reason we search those qualities
in pur friends which we do not have since we slightly become partner in their nature being with them
and somewhat feel less incomplete.” This way similarity and dissimilarity both can be the reason for
attraction. Durkheim tried to explain the marriage solidarity and solidarity between men and women
through division of labour.The reason of their solidarity is not only their emotional and conceptual
similarity but also dissimilarity found in them. Durkheim says Gender division of labour is the
primary source of their solidarity. Their workplaces are different.Women are related to emotive field
whereas men are related to knowledge field.Division of labour joins them and collects their endeavor.
Durkheim believes that work of division of labour is not just the work of society keeps going or gets
increased in spite its main work is to create solidarity in the society.

Task What do you know about Function of Division of labour, construction of new
groups and their solidarity? Discuss briefly.

Law and solidarity

LoVeLY professionaL uniVersitY 87