Page 98 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_ENGLISH

Sociological Thought

notes 3. Development of various occupations: in organic society as a result of social discrimination
various types of occupation are born and developed. In such society because of the excess
of population, increase ad variety requirements, new occupations are born so that the
requirements of people are fulfilled.
4. collective deputation: in organic society manifestation of people’s thoughts, sentiments,
agreements and customs happen in collective deputation. Collective deputation may be
called the joint culture of organic society. Though it only, representation of general public
is done. The place that group consciousness has in mechanical society collective deputation
has the same place in organic society.
5. restitutive law: in organic society there is dominance of restitutive law objective of which
of not giving the punishment but re-establishing the citizen in normal life.
6. economic organization: where in mechanical society economy of fulfillment is found,
in organic society, economy of saving is found. In this society, because of increase in
individualism, importance of personal property also increases. Instead of closed, open
economy is developed. In place of hereditary business, person selects his occupation on the
basis of his ability and capability.
7. political arrangement: in organic society specialization of political acts take place. All three
parts of the state- administrative, executive and judiciary do separate jobs. Ruling, instead
of hereditary government, is done by the elected government. Political arrangement adapts
a formal form.
8. religious organization: in organic society there is expansion of the field of religion. In it
infection of monotheism and polytheism happen. Individualism and personalism of God
happens. Universality of God happens, decline of tribal devoutness happens. Universalism
and internationalism take place of local religious faiths.

mechanical and organic solidarity

As per Durkheim, social solidarity is the basis of social life. It is an ethical and dynamic fact. In primitive
societies, where complete uniformity is found and social consciousness is strong, people have deep
respect towards social feelings. There mechanical solidarity is found. On the other side, in modern
societies, because of division of labour and specialization, interdependence is found among people,
which is similar to dependence found among various body parts. Durkheim calls this as organic
solidarity. Purely no society is either mechanical or organic. In both societies, firm is found but there
is a difference in the nature of firmness. There are also similarities in both the types of societies. For
e.g. in both the societies, feelings of the group are considered to be above all; despite of difference in
the type of law in both, society is powerful; firmness if found in both in equal manner. Still there are
many differences in both types of societies.

Difference between organic and mechanical solidarity

1. Mechanical solidarity, without any mediator, directly connects a person with the society
whereas in organic solidarity mutual dependence of the members evidently connects them
with the society.
2. Mechanical solidarity expresses collective form in the society i.e. same such feelings and
beliefs are found in the society which are equally accepted by all the members of the society.
In organic solidarity, difference and variations of jobs is found which gives birth to a definite
arrangement of mutual relations.

92 LoVeLY professionaL uniVersitY