Page 102 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_ENGLISH

Sociological Thought

notes and density of population are responsible. Because of this only division of labour happens in
the society. Because of social changes only all personal changes also happen because person
is a part of society itself.
5. emergence of new groups and their interdependence: As a result of division of labour,
in people engaged in special types of jobs, special types of benefits develop, for protection
of which special classes or groups are developed. These groups, for fulfillment of their
requirement provide mutual support and interdependence is found in them. As much division
of labour will be there, that much mutual dependence will increase. In this way, division of
labour gives birth to new groups, their interdependence and support.
6. individualistic ideology: With increase in division of labour, group conscious becomes
weak and there is increase in personal consciousness. Individual independence and
selfishness increase which give birth to individualistic ideology. In each field of life there
is development of individualist emotions. In place of given posts, importance of acquired
posts also increase.
7. restitutive laws and ethical pressure: Division of labour also changes legal arrangement. In
societies of mechanical solidarity where all kinds of uniformities are found, repressive laws are
found, but because of division of labour and specialization there extension of mutual relations
and complexity in the society, contractual relations thrive in the society. For protection of
personal benefits, restitutive laws are made. Where division of labour on one side encourages
individualism, on the other side, also develops ethics related to group benefits which keep
a control on personal consciousness, personal selfishness and independence.
8. organic social solidarity: In lack of division of labour, the solidarity that was there in
the society was of mechanical nature. Because of division of labour, organic solidarity is
established in the society in which in various parts mutual functional dependence and support
is found. We have earlier extensively mentioned about such solidarity.

abnormal forms of division of labour
In third section of “division of labour in the society”, Durkheim has mentioned about some abnormal
forms of division of labour. Where there are some good consequences of division of labour, few bad
consequences of it also emerge. On function of division of labour is to emerge division of labour in
the society. Those forms of division of labour that do not establish solidarity in the society, Durkheim
calls them abnormal forms of division of labour. Through study of abnormal forms only we can clearly
understand normal forms and can know that what the important conditions for social solidarity are.
Durkheim has mentioned about three abnormal forms of division of labour— Anomic division of
labour, forced division of labour and division of labour with insufficient individual activity.
1. anomic division of labour: In process of division of labour often it happens that there remains no
coordination in its social jobs. They, instead of supporting each other mutually become hurdle in each
other’s development. General principle of division of labour is that there is support and coordination
between various units. Hence when division of labour generates dis-coordination between various
jobs, it is called anomic division of labour. With such kind of division of labour, unity of production
and sciences ends.
(i) Due to division of labour in economic field specialization in industries increase, through it,
instead of solidarity, struggle thrives. Struggle thrives between the employers and labour.
Incidents of Strikes, lockouts, disturbances and revolutions increase. Business crisis and
economic failure create a hindrance in organic solidarity. Due to division of labour when
there remains no coordination between various social works, then instead of support, they
give birth to struggle which is a hurdle in development. Struggle of labour and capital is
also a form of anomic division of labour.

96 LoVeLY professionaL uniVersitY