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lekt'kkL=kh; fopkj/kjk
uksV 1-4 lkjka'k (Summary)
• fczfV'k lekt'kkL=kh ckWVkseksj dk dguk gS fd vBkjgoha 'krkCnh dh ckSf¼d ifjfLFkfr;k¡ lekt'kkL=k osQ
mn; esa lgk;d izekf.kr gqbZA
• izQkal dh jkT;Økafr (1789) osQ ifj.kkeLo:i lkekftd cnyko dh izfØ;k esa rsth vkbZA bl Økafr
osQ iQyLo:i Lora=krk] lekurk ,oa ca/qRo osQ fopkj dk fodkl gqvkA
• mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa lekt'kkL=k osQ fodkl esa vkWxLV dkWEV] dkyZ ekDlZ rFkk LisUlj dk ;ksxnku
egÙoiw.kZ gSA bl le; lekt dk oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;kA
• lekt'kkL=k osQ fodkl dks pkj pj.kksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
1-5 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
1- oSKkfud fof/ (Scientific Method): Kku dks izkIr djus dk ,d ,slk rjhdk ftlesa rF;ksa dk
O;ofLFkr voyksdu] ijh{k.k] lkekU;hdj.k ,oa lR;kiu fd;k tkrk gS oSKkfud fof/ dgykrh gSA
2- lkekftd (Social): ,d ,slh fLFkfr ftlesa ,d O;fDr vius vki dks fdlh lewg osQ lkFk lfØ;
:i ls tqM+k gqvk vuqHko djrk gS rFkk lewg osQ fgrksa osQ izfr tkx:d j[krk gSA
3- lekt'kkL=k (Sociology): ,d ,slk foKku ftlesa lekt vFkkZr~ lkekftd lEcU/ksa dk vè;;u
fd;k tkrk gSA bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx igyh ckj vkWxLV dkWEV us fd;k FkkA
1-6 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1- lekt'kkL=k osQ mn~Hko dh i`"BHkwfe D;k Fkh\
2- lekt'kkL=k osQ fodkl osQ fofHkUu pj.kksa dks crk,¡A
3- 19oha lnh esa lekt'kkL=k dk fodkl fdl rjg gqvk\
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1- egÙoiw.kZ 2- oSKkfud lektokn 3- izk.kh&txrA
1-7 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
iqLrdsa 1- lekt'kkL=kµNCERT (11oha ,oa 12oha d{kk)A
2- izeq[k lekt'kkL=kh; fopkjdµnks"kh ,oa tSuA
3- lkekftd fopkj/kjkµjfoUnzukFk eq[kthZA
4- lksf'k;ksykWthµVh-ch- cksVkseksjA
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