Page 95 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_hindi

bdkbZ—14: lekt'kkL=k dh i¼fr esa ;ksxnkuµfoKku osQ :i esa lekt'kkL=k&lkekftd rF; dh vo/kj.kk

ls O;ogkj djus dks ckè; djrk gSA¸ ,d vU; LFkku ij nq[khZe fy[krs gSa] ¶lkekftd rF; dk;Z djus] lkspus uksV
,oa vuqHko djus osQ os rjhosQ gSa] ftuesa O;fDrxr psruk ls ckgj Hkh vfLrRo dks cuk;s j[kus dh mYys[kuh;
fo'ks"krk gksrh gSA¸ lekt'kkL=kh; i¼fr osQ fu;e iqLrd osQ izFke vè;k; dh vfUre iafDr;ksa esa lkekftd rF;ksa
dks foLr`r :i esa le>krs gq, nq[khZe fy[krs gSa] ¶lkekftd rF; fØ;k djus dk ,d LFkk;h vFkok vLFkk;h
rjhdk gS tks O;fDr ij ckgjh ncko Mkyus esa leFkZ gksrk gS vFkok iqu% fØ;k djus dk ,d rjhdk gS tks fdlh
lekt esa lkekU; :i ls ik;k tkrk gS] fdUrq lkFk gh lkFk tks O;fDrxr vfHkO;fDr;ksa ls Loar=k i`Fko~Q vfLrRo
j[krk gSA¸
bu ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gS fd lkekftd rF; fØ;k djus vFkok O;ogkj osQ rjhosQ gSaA bu fØ;k djus osQ rjhdksa
esa nq[khZe ekuo osQ lkspus&fopkjus vkSj vuqHko djus osQ rjhdksa dks lfEefyr djrk gS tks LFkk;h vFkok vLFkk;h
gks ldrs gSaA oqQN lkekftd rF; LFkk;h gksrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] vkRegR;k] fookg ,oa e`R;q dh la[;k esa fdlh
Hkh lekt esa FkksM+k&cgqr ifjorZu gksrk gS] vr% budh okf"kZd nj yxHkx LFkk;h ,oa fLFkj jgrh gSA blfy, bUgsa
lkekftd rF;ksa dh Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gSA fuokl djus osQ rjhdksa dks Hkh fØ;k djus dk rjhdk ekuk x;k gSA
uxjksa esa tu?kuRo esa o`f¼] edku cukus osQ rjhosQ] jgu&lgu] [kku&iku vkSj thou O;rhr djus osQ rjhdksa dks
Hkh lkekftd rF; ekuk x;k gS D;ksafd buesa Hkh ifjorZu cgqr de gksrs gSaA blh izdkj ls LFkk;h vkSj vLFkk;h
rjhosQ tks euq";ksa dh fØ;kvksa] fopkjksa vkSj thou i¼fr;ksa dks funsZf'kr djrs gSa] lkekftd rF; dgykrs gSaA lewg
esa izpfyr fo'okl] izFkk,¡] jhfr&fjokt] vkn'kZ] uSfrdrk] ekU;rk,¡ rFkk dk;Z djus osQ rjhosQ Hkh lkekftd rF;
gSa D;ksafd buesa Hkh ifjorZu cgqr de vkrs gSa vkSj ;s fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k dh ugha oju~ lEiw.kZ lewg dh lEifÙk
ekus tkrs gSaA

VkLd lkekftd rF; D;k gS\ laf{kIr o.kZu djsaA

lkekftd rF;ksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of Social Facts)

nq[khZe us lkekftd rF; dh nks izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSµckárk rFkk ckè;rkA lkekftd rF;ksa dks
Li"V :i ls le>us osQ fy, bu nksuksa fo'ks"krkvksa rFkk rhu vU; fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>uk vko';d gSA
1- lkekftd rF; dke djus] lkspus] ;k vuqHko djus osQ rjhosQ gSa (Ways of acting, thinking and
feeling are Social Facts)% lkekftd rF;ksa dh nq[khZe }kjk nh x;h ifjHkk"kk ls Li"V gS fd lkekftd rF;
lekt vFkok lewg esa dke djus] lkspus vkSj vuqHko djus osQ rjhosQ gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, ,d O;fDr vius
fookg osQ ckjs esa lksprk gS rc og ;g Hkh lksprk gS fd fookg lkFkh dk pquko mlosQ ifjokj] oxZ] tkfr] f'k{kk]
O;olk;] vkfFkZd fLFkfr vkfn osQ vuq:i gksA mlosQ bl lksp ij Hkh lkekftd ncko gSA vr% ;g lksp
lkekftd rF; gSA gekjs O;ogkj vkSj lksp&fopkj lekt dh nsu gSa] lekt gh budh mRifÙk dk lzksr gSA ge
lekthdj.k dh izfØ;k }kjk lekt esa fofHkUu izdkj ls O;ogkj djuk lh[krs gSaA fdl pht dks mfpr ;k
vuqfpr] vPNk ;k cqjk le>k tk;sxk] ;g lc gesa lekt gh crkrk gSA fdl volj ij ge fdl izdkj dk
O;ogkj] dk;Z ,oa vkpj.k djsaxs] ;g Hkh lekt gh crkrk gS] lekt osQ fu;e] izFkk,¡] ijEijk,¡ vkfn lHkh gekjs
vkpj.k dks fu;fer ,oa fu;af=kr djrs gSaA blfy, gh ;s lHkh lkekftd rF; dgykrs gSaA lkekftd rF; dk
izHkko O;fDr ij bruk vf/d gksrk gS fd mldh lEiw.kZ vuqHkwfr Hkh lkekftd rF;ksa osQ vUrxZr vk tkrh gSA
O;fDr osQ lEiw.kZ thou ij lkekftd rF;ksa dk izHkko ik;k tkrk gSA

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