Page 99 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_hindi

bdkbZ—14: lekt'kkL=k dh i¼fr esa ;ksxnkuµfoKku osQ :i esa lekt'kkL=k&lkekftd rF; dh vo/kj.kk

dks ,d ckgjh oLrq le>dj mldk izR;{k voyksdu ugha djsaxs rc rd mudh okLrfodrk izdV ugha gksxh uksV
D;ksafd gekjs iwoZ fu.kZ; vkSj gekjh iwoZ&/kj.kk,¡ gekjs oSKkfud vè;;u esa ck/d gksrs gSaA bu ck/kvksa dks nwj
djus osQ fy, lkekftd rF;ksa dks Hkh HkkSfrd rF;ksa dh Hkk¡fr ,d ckgjh ?kVuk le>k tk,A oLrq,¡ Lor% Li"V
gksrh gSa] os gekjs lekus Lo;a vius Lo:i dks izdV djrh gSaA gekjh Hkkouk,¡ rFkk iwoZ&/kj.kk,¡ muosQ okLrfod
Lo:i dks izHkkfor ugha dj ldrhaA blhfy, lkekftd rF;ksa osQ oSKkfud vè;;u osQ fy, nq[khZe mUgsa oLrqvksa
osQ :i esa ekuus ij tksj nsrk gSA oLrq dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, nq[khZe fy[krk gS] ¶og lc tks Lor% Li"V gS]
og lc tks ns[kk tk ldrk gS] ,d oLrq dh fo'ks"krk j[krk gSA¸ oLrq ,d oS"kf;d (Objective) rF; gS vkSj
lkekftd ?kVuk,¡ oLrq,¡ gSaA lkekftd ?kVukvksa dks oLrqvksa osQ :i esa rHkh le>k tk ldrk gS tc ge mUgsa
euksoSKkfud rF;ksa ls i`Fko~Q le>saA lkekftd rF;ksa esa ;g xq.k ik;k tkrk gS fd os O;fDrxr psruk dk iQy
ugha gksrs vr% os O;fDr osQ fu;a=k.k ls ijs gSaA oLrqvksa dh Hkk¡fr lkekftd rF;ksa esa Hkh ge viuh bPNkuqlkj
la'kks/u vkSj ifjorZu ugha dj ldrsA la{ksi esa] nq[khZe ;g ekurs gSa fd lkekftd rF; O;fDrxr psruk ls ijs
vkSj Lora=k gksus ,oa O;fDr ij fu;a=k.k j[kus osQ dkj.k oLrqvksa osQ :i esa le>s tk ldrs gSaA
2- lHkh iwoZ&ekU;rkvksa dk mUewyu (Eradication of all Preconceptions)% nq[khZe osQ fopkj esa
oSKkfud vè;;u dh loZizFke vko';drk ;g gS fd ge fo"k;&oLrq osQ lEcU/ esa ftruh Hkh iwoZ&ekU;rk,¡
,oa dYiuk,¡ vius efLr"d esa j[krs gSa mUgsa fudky nsa] R;kx nsa rFkk osQoy oSKkfud ekU;rkvksa dks gh egÙo
nsaA ,d lekt'kkL=kh dks vè;;u osQ nkSjku mu fopkjksa ls eqDr gksuk pkfg, tks ,d lk/kj.k O;fDr osQ efLr"d
ij Nk;s jgrs gSa rFkk lekt dk lnL; gksus osQ ukrs mldh ekufld lajpuk osQ :i esa fo|eku jgrs gSaA oSKkfud
voyksdu esa HkkokRed yxko ,d ck/k gSA ftu fo"k;ksa ls gekjk yxko gksrk gS] muosQ fo#¼ ge oqQN Hkh ns[kuk
;k lquuk ilan ugha djrsA /eZ] uSfrdrk vkSj jktuhfrd fo'oklksa ls lEcfU/r ge tks fopkj j[krs gSa os gekjs
rVLFk vè;;u esa ck/d gksrs gSaA nq[khZe dgrs gSa] ¶;g HkkokRed izÑfr rF;ksa dks le>us rFkk mudh O;k[;k
djus dh gekjh i¼fr dks nwf"kr dj nsrh gSA¸ muosQ fopkj ls ftruk vf/d ge lkekftd rF;ksa osQ voyksdu
esa iwoZ&/kj.kkvksa vkSj Hkkoukvksa ls eqDr gksrs tkrs gSa] gekjs vè;;u esa mruh gh oSKkfudrk vkrh tkrh gSA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd nq[khZe lkekftd rF;ksa osQ voyksdu esa iwoZ&/kj.kkvksa dk mUewyu djus ij tksj nsrs gSaA

3- fo"k;&oLrq dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of the Subject-matter)% oSKkfud vkSj rVLFk vè;;u osQ
fy, osQoy iwoZ&/kj.kkvksa dk fujkdj.k gh i;kZIr ugha gSA ,d lekt'kkL=kh dks viuh fo"k;&oLrq dh Hkh Li"V
O;k[;k djuh pkfg,A blosQ fy, mlosQ vè;;u esa vkus okyh oLrqvksa dh Li"V ifjHkk"kk dh tkuh pkfg,A
nq[khZe fy[krs gSa ¶vr% lekt'kkL=kh dk izFke dk;Z mu oLrqvksa dh ifjHkk"kk djuk gksuk pkfg, ftudk og
vè;;u djrk gS rkfd mldh fo"k; lkexzh dk irk yx tk,A ;g leLr izek.kksa rFkk iquiZjh{kkvksa dh loZizFke
rFkk lokZf/d vifjgk;Z n'kk gSaA¸
4- oS;fDrd rF;ksa rFkk lkekftd rF;ksa dh i`Fkdrk (Separation of Individual and Social

Facts)% lkekftd rF;ksa osQ oSKkfud voyksdu osQ fy, O;fDrxr vkSj lkekftd rF;ksa dks i`Fko~Q fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A nq[khZe fy[krs gSa] ¶tc lekt'kkL=kh fdlh izdkj osQ lkekftd rF;ksa dk vè;;u djrk gS rks mls muosQ
ml i{k ij è;ku nsus dk iz;Ru djuk pkfg, tks mudh O;fDrxr vfHkO;fDr;ksa ls Lora=k gSA¸ lkekftd rF;ksa
osQ vè;;u esa O;fDr dks viuh O;fDrxr Hkkoukvksa] /kjkvksa] m}sxksa dks LFkku ugha nsuk pkfg, cfYd oLrq,¡ ftl
:i esa lekt esa fo|eku gSa] mudk mlh :i esa vè;;u djuk pkfg,A
lkekftd rF;ksa osQ izdkj (Types of Social Facts)

nq[khZe us viuh iqLrd osQ rhljs vè;k; esa lkekftd rF;ksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk gSµlkekU; rF; rFkk O;kf/dh;
rF;A mlus bu nksuksa esa Hksn djus osQ fy, fu;eksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k gSA

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