Page 20 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_ENGLISH

Sociology of Kinship

Notes Goldenviser has told that no useful solution can be worked out of this middle of Totemism
because complicity of totemism is diversific and changes with the change of place. Its all said
special characters are not found everywhere. He considered totemism a social religious institu-
tion. Harbort Rizley has told on the basis of Indian Duths that the religious part of totemism
has died here and only social part is active. On the way of simplification we can say that as per
as the matter of totemism, the relation of animals and plants are just incidental, but exists. It is
proved by many examples. Seeing the totemic septs in Juangs, Alvin has told that Totemism
way a result of historical incident or follow-up on propagation. For example a person who kills
pigeon it becomes blind incidentally then way possible that the local treators link both of these
events as a result, the person can develop faith in all pigeons due to fear and a time may come
when he starts worshipping and protecting other pigeons.
Generally there are three characters of totemism:
1. Special attitude towards an animal and plants.
2. Lineage organisation and
3. Lineage exagamy.
Even though, it is reamarkable that no reasonable relation is there to show between lineage and
totemism and exogamy and totemism. Labour strength statistics law of Mordock also not fails
to the state the reasonable relation between unilateral group like lineage and totemism.
The most proto-australode tribes living in the middle region belt of India are the best example ot
totemic region. Totem is also popular in the tribes and castes of other regions also. It is a possibil-
ity that the development of totemism in India has been done by protoaustralodes. But now, this
is also found in rare form of Mongolode in Naga tribe of Assam. Their popularity also became
in many developed groups, the emotional attachment towards the totemic animal or plants.
In India, the totemic peoples are organised in unexceptional form of exogamies lineages. The
origin of totemic groups, addition, subtraction and simplification is discussed. Meaning of ad-
dition is adoption of a single name by many families in form of a group. Sometimes a lineage
becomes so big that in a condition it breaks and divides in small groups, this called the process
of subtraction. In such situation if the root lineage is Cheetah then the names of new lineages
may be kept tail of Cheetah, heal of Cheetah, tooth of Cheetah etc. Sometimes, it is also possible
that a person is saved or harmed by any animal or tree. As a result that person started paying
special gratitude or afraid towards such animal or tree and later on his progeny can continue
the sustainability of such special relation. Thus, the totemism also originates from such simpli-
fication. It is also apparent from the stories of folk belief popular regarding origin of lineages.
In Ho tribes that the incidental reletives of any person with any animal or plant is simplified
after many stages. It is a belief of Hutten that totemism in India is possibly based on the fac-
tors vested in the conceptual theory of Frazor and it is developed due to the result of Frazor
and it is developed due to the result of coexistence or coalition of subsidiary factors. In other
words, sometimes any institution can be started ordinarily but in course of time many types
of ordinary factor can contribute to strengthen such institution. In these ordinary reasons, one
most important reason is, the need of making ecological balance or adjusting relation between
human-nature relation. By this a sympathetive relation can be developed between man and his
enviornment. By this, the totemism is developed on a socital level.
With lineage and exogamy, the permanent relation of totemism is needed to describe a little.
This is already told above that exogamy is an essential co-existing character of bilateral groups,
because without prohibiting endogamy such groups cannot be constructed possible. If a person
marries in his own group then a time may come when such group can not remain fully paternal
or fully maternal.
Therefore, we can say that relation between unilateral groups and exogamy is of factorial impor-
tance. This relation is reasonable and obvious. But this matter cannot be said for the relation of
totemism and exogamy. There is no logical, apparent or reasonable relation between totemism
and exogamy.

14 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY