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Unit 29: Family and Marriage in India: Forces of Change, Family in the Context of Care of the Child and the Aged

3. K.M. Kapadia surveyed 513 graduates and found that 60% of the educated Hindus still Notes
live in joint families and only 1/8 the part of them are dissatisfied with it. Against one indi-
vidual who opposes joint family, there are 3 or 4, who are in favour of it. Kapadia surveyed
246 families of Navsari town in Southern Gujarat and 1099 families of the 15 villages around
it and found an equal number of nuclear and joint families.
4. B.V. Shah surveyed 200 students of Baroda (Vadodara) to know about their opinion on joint
families. Only 16% of the students opposed it while the rest supported it.
5. Sudha Kaldete studied the old Bombay state and found that the joint families were getting
disintegrated because of the influence of urbanization.
6. In 1958, Edwin D. Driver surveyed 2314 couples of Nagpur district of Bombay (Mumbai).
He found that the educated people were more in favour of living in joint families than the
uneducated people and those who were above 36 years of age.
7. I.P. Desai studied 410 families of Mahua town of Saurashtra. According to him, there are
28% nuclear families and 72% joint families in Mahua. Property and financial interests have
strengthened the joint system. There was one nuclear family against every three individuals
living in joint families.
8. P. M. Kolinda studied the Lonikhand village of Puna (Pune) district, in Maharashtra and
found a high number of joint families. Moreover, there were more joint families who be-
longed to the upper castes than the lower ones. On the basis of regions, he found varied
proportions of joint families in India. The number of joint families in the Gangetic plain and
the North-Western castes of Mysore was found to more than west Bengal and central India.
9. Alen D. Ross interviewed 157 men and women of middle and upper classes in Bangalore.
He mentioned the powers which brought the changes in the joint family system and said
that the technological powers were causing the changes in joint families.

Many sociologists like Rolf, Dev Anand, and Thomas, B.R. Agarwal,
Yogesh Atal, A.M. Shah, Guday, Lembart, B.G. Desai, Jyotirmei sharma,
R.K. Mukherjee etc. have, in their studies confirmed the changes which are
taking place in joint families.

10. M .S. Gore surveyed 499 Agarwal familes around Delhi and Haryana, living in rural and
urban areas. He Presented two results:
(i) People still support joint families.
(ii) The urban effect and education has changed the form of joint families.
11. B.K. Ramanujam is of the opinion that nuclear families are being preferred because of
financial reasons. He believes that on structural basis, the families are disintegrating but
functionally, They are still intact.

Analyses the studies related to joint families.

29.2 Recent Tendencies and Changes in Joint Families

Because of the attacks of various powers, there have been many changes in the structure and
functions of joint families and some new tendencies have been visible. Here we discuss about
them in brief.

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