Page 245 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ27% osaQnzh; izo`fÙk dh eki% ekè;] ekfè;dk] cgqyd

la[;k dk ekè; 2-7 gks ldrk gS tks fd okLro esa vlEHko gS D;ksafd cPpksa dh la[;k iw.kk±d esa gh uksV
gksrh gS] u fd -7 A

uksV~l ,d ckj izfl¼ gkL; if=kdk ^iap* us fy[kk Fkk fd ,d 'kkgh deh'ku dks izfrekg 2-2 lUrkuksa dh
la[;k cgqr gh csrqdh yxh vkSj bldk lEHkkfor dkj.k eè;e oxZ dh fcxM+h gqbZ vkfFkZd n'kk le>k
x;k_ blhfy;s 'kkgh deh'ku us fliQkfj'k dh Fkh fd eè;e oxZ osQ yksxksa dks oqQN vkfFkZd lgk;rk bl
ckr osQ fy;s nh tk, fd os lUrkuksa dk vkSlr iw.kk±d rFkk vf/d lqfoèkktud la[;k rd c<+k losaQA

(c) lekUrj ekè; ij vlk/kj.k bdkbZ dk vuqfpr izHkko iM+rk gS] fo'ks"kdj ;fn ,slh vlkèkkj.k
bdkb;k¡ cgqr cM+h ;k cgqr NksVh gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fdlh d{kk esa ;fn ,d fo|kFkhZ us xf.kr esa 100 vad
izkIr fd, rFkk 'ks"k 6 fo|kfFkZ;ksa us 20] 25] 19] 24] 15 vkfn 28 vad izkIr fd, gksa rks bldk
lekUrj ekè; ¾ 100 $ 20 $ 25 $ 19 $ 24 $ 15 $ 28 ¾ 231 ÷ 7 ¾ 33 gksxkA ;fn 100
vad izkIr djus okys fo|kFkhZ dks lfEefyr u fd;k tk, rks lekUrj ekè; ¾ 20 $ 25 $ 19 $ 24
$ 15 $ 28 ¾ 131 ÷ 6 ¾ 22 osQ yxHkx gksxkA vr% Li"V gS fd ;fn Jsf.k;ksa esa dksbZ cgqr cM+h
;k cgqr NksVh vk tk, rks lekUrj ekè; lewg dk okLrfod fp=k izLrqr djrk gSA
(l) ;fn inksa dh la[;k vf/d gS rks bls fujh{k.k ek=k ls gh Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA cM+h la[;k
esa cM+s&cM+s tksM+] xq.kk] Hkkx vkfn djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS tks fd lk/kj.k O;fDr osQ fy, ljy
ugha gksrk gSA

(n) lekarj ekè; fudkyus osQ fy;s ;g vko';d gS fd inekyk osQ leLr inksa osQ ekiksa dk ;ksx
vFkok vyx&vyx eki ekywe gksA ;fn FkksM+s ls in NwV tk,¡ rks ekè; Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk
tcfd ekfè;dk vFkok eè;kad (Median) vkSj cgqyd (Mode) Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(;) lekUrj ekè; izxfr'khy (progressive) rFkk izrh;xkeh (regressive) izo`fÙk;ksa vFkkZr~ c<+rh gqbZ
;k ?kVrh gqbZ izo`fÙk;ksa dh vksj laosQr ugha djrk gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks blls Hkzked ifj.kke izkIr gksrs
gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn ,d fo|kFkhZ dks frekgh] Nekgh rFkk okf"kZd ijh{kk esa ozQe'k% oqQy vad 381] 427
vkSj 502 feys vkSj ,d vU; fo|kFkhZ dks ;gh vad ozQe'k% 502] 427] vkSj 381 feys rks nksuksa dk
ekè; izkIrkad ;|fi ,d gh gksxk ij mlls ;g irk ugha pysxk fd ,d osQ izkIrkad ozQe'k% c<+rs x,A
bl izdkj ?kVus&c<+us dh izo`fÙk;k¡ ekè; }kjk Li"V ugha gks ldrhaA

27-8 ekfè;dk ;k eè;k¡d (Median)

ekfè;dk ;k eè;kad fdlh in Ük`a[kyk ls og fcUnq gksrk gS tks lEiw.kZ Ük`a[kyk o Js.kh (series) dks nks
cjkcj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj nsrk gSA bl izdkj 50 izfr'kr in ewY; eè;kad osQ mQij vkSj 'ks"k
50 izfr'kr in ewY; mlosQ uhps gksrs gaSA ijUrq ,slk gksus osQ fy;s ;g vko';d gS fd lHkh in ewY;ksa
;k pyjkf'k osQ ekuksa (values of variable quantities) dks vkjksgh ;k vojksgh ozQeksa (ascending or
descending order) esa j[kk tk,A bl lUnHkZ esa ;g Lej.kh; gS fd eè;kad dHkh dksbZ fof'k"V in ugha
gksrk cfYd eè; in dk ifj.kke vFkok eki gh eè;kad gSA

eè;kad dk vFkZ o fo'ks"krk,a (Meaning and Characteristics of Median)

MkWú prqosZnh (Chaturvedi) osQ vuqlkj] ^^;fn ,d Js.kh (series) osQ inksa dks muosQ ifj.kkeksa osQ vkèkkj
ij vkjksgh vFkok vojksgh ozQeksa ls yxk;k tk, rks fcyoqQy chp okyh jkf'k osQ eku ;k eki dks ekfè;dk
;k eè;kad dgrs gSaA**

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